Hybrid Source Model for Predicting High-Speed Jet Noise

This paper introduces a novel hybrid source model into an existing acoustic analogy approach to obtain improved predictions of the turbulent mixing noise from cold, round, subsonic, and supersonic jets. The model incorporates new features of the Reynolds stress autocovariance tensor components found in recent experiments. The model parameters are determined from a Reynolds-averaged Navier―Stokes flow solution and experimental data. It is shown that this model significantly improves the predictions relative to previous results, particularly at observer polar angles between 90 degrees to the jet axis and the peak noise direction, indicating the importance of properly modeling relatively subtle characteristics of the autocovariance functions. The results are used to infer the relative importance of individual terms that make up the formula for the acoustic spectrum as a function of jet Mach number, frequency, and observer location.

[1]  I. S. Gradshteyn,et al.  Table of Integrals, Series, and Products , 1976 .

[2]  M. Lighthill.  On sound generated aerodynamically I. General theory , 1952, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[3]  G. Batchelor,et al.  The theory of homogeneous turbulence , 1954 .

[4]  M. Goldstein,et al.  Effect of anisotropic turbulence on aerodynamic noise , 1973 .

[5]  M. E. Goldstein,et al.  The low frequency sound from multipole sources in axisymmetric shear flows, with applications to jet noise , 1975, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[6]  T. F. Balsa,et al.  The acoustic field of sources in shear flow with application to jet noise: convective amplification , 1977, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[7]  A. Khavaran.  Role of anisotropy in turbulent mixing noise , 1999 .

[8]  James Bridges,et al.  Measurements of Aeroacoustic Sound Sources in Turbulent Jets , 2003 .

[9]  M. E. Goldstein,et al.  A generalized acoustic analogy , 2003, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[10]  Marcus Harper-Bourne,et al.  Jet Noise Turbulence Measurements , 2003 .

[11]  Abbas Khavaran,et al.  On the Applicability of High-Frequency Approximations to Lilley's Equation , 2004 .

[12]  Philip J. Morris,et al.  The Prediction of Jet Noise From CFD Data , 2004 .

[13]  Marvin E. Goldstein,et al.  Ninety-Degree Acoustic Spectrum of a High Speed Air Jet , 2005 .

[14]  Philip J. Morris,et al.  Prediction of Noise from High Speed Subsonic Jets Using an Acoustic Analogy , 2006 .

[15]  Jet Noise in the 'Zone of Silence' , 2007 .

[16]  M. E. Goldstein,et al.  The aeroacoustics of slowly diverging supersonic jets , 2008, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[17]  James J. McGuirk,et al.  Using large eddy simulation within an acoustic analogy approach for jet noise modelling , 2008 .

[18]  James J. McGuirk,et al.  Spatio-Temporal Turbulence Correlations using High-Speed PIV in an Axisymmetric Jet , 2008 .

[19]  Philip J. Morris,et al.  The Prediction of Broadband Shock-Associated Noise Using RANS CFD , 2009 .

[20]  Brian J. Tester,et al.  Jet mixing noise: a review of single stream temperature effects , 2009 .

[21]  W. A. McMullan,et al.  Jet Noise: Acoustic Analogy informed by Large Eddy Simulation , 2010 .

[22]  P. Morris,et al.  Velocity Measurements in Jets with Application to Noise Source Modeling , 2010 .

[23]  P. Morris.  The Instability of High Speed Jets , 2010 .

[24]  P. Morris,et al.  Two Component Velocity Correlations in Jets and Noise Source Modeling , 2010 .

[25]  Milo D. Dahl,et al.  Assessment of NASA's Aircraft Noise Prediction Capability , 2012 .

[26]  M. Afsar.  Insight into the two-source structure of the jet noise spectrum using a generalized shell model of turbulence , 2012 .

[27]  James Bridges,et al.  Small Hot Jet Acoustic Rig Validation , 2013 .

[28]  James Bridges,et al.  Effect of Temperature on Jet Velocity Spectra , 2013 .