Sedentary lifestyle and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions in the United States. It is well-established that increasing physical activity plays an important role in reducing rick of obesity and diabetes. Few studies, however, have examined the association between sedentary behaviors such as prolonged television (TV) watching and obesity and diabetes. Using data from a large prospective cohort study, the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study, we have demonstrated that increasing TV watching is strongly associated with obesity and weight gain, independent of diet and exercise. Also, prolonged TV watching is associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Men who watched TV more than 40 h per week had a nearly threefold increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those who spent less than 1 h per week watching TV. The increased risk was not entirely explained by the decreased physical activity and unhealthy eating patterns associated with TV watching. Thus, public health campaigns to reduce the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes should promote not only increasing exercise levels but also decreasing sedentary behaviors, especially prolonged TV watching.

[1]  G. Falciglia,et al.  Television commercials and eating behavior of obese and normal-weight women , 1980 .

[2]  Gerald J. Gorn,et al.  Behavioral Evidence of the Effects of Televised Food Messages on Children , 1982 .

[3]  G. Reaven.  Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease , 1988, Diabetes.

[4]  L. Tucker,et al.  Television viewing and obesity in adult males. , 1989, American journal of public health.

[5]  J. Tuomilehto,et al.  Low physical activity and worsening of glucose tolerance: results from a 2-year follow-up of a population sample in Malta. , 1991, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[6]  R. Paffenbarger,et al.  Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[7]  L. Tucker,et al.  Television viewing and obesity in adult females. , 1991, American journal of public health.

[8]  W C Willett,et al.  A prospective study of exercise and incidence of diabetes among US male physicians. , 1992, JAMA.

[9]  J F Sallis,et al.  Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. , 1993, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[10]  J. Manson,et al.  Risk Factors for Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Requiring Treatment in the Elderly , 1994, Journal of The American Geriatrics Society.

[11]  P. Whincup,et al.  Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle aged British men , 1995, BMJ.

[12]  K. Yano,et al.  Physical activity and incidence of diabetes: the Honolulu Heart Program. , 1995, American journal of epidemiology.

[13]  E. Rimm,et al.  Activity level and risk of overweight in male health professionals. , 1996, American journal of public health.

[14]  G A Colditz,et al.  Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990. , 1996, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[15]  T. Lakka,et al.  Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. , 1996, Archives of internal medicine.

[16]  B. Howard,et al.  Effects of Diet and Exercise in Preventing NIDDM in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study , 1997, Diabetes Care.

[17]  W. Willett,et al.  Is dietary fat a major determinant of body fat? , 1998, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[18]  M. Pratt,et al.  Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. , 1998, JAMA.

[19]  E. Rimm,et al.  Predictors of weight change in men: Results from The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study , 1998, International Journal of Obesity.

[20]  G A Colditz,et al.  Guidelines for healthy weight. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[21]  G A Colditz,et al.  Walking compared with vigorous physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective study. , 1999, JAMA.

[22]  D. Ludwig.  Dietary glycemic index and obesity. , 2000, The Journal of nutrition.

[23]  E. Rimm,et al.  Leisure-time physical activity, television watching, and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. , 2000, American journal of epidemiology.

[24]  S. Roberts.  High-glycemic index foods, hunger, and obesity: is there a connection? , 2009, Nutrition reviews.

[25]  F. Sacks,et al.  A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults , 2001, International Journal of Obesity.

[26]  T. Valle,et al.  Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[27]  G A Colditz,et al.  Physical activity and television watching in relation to risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. , 2001, Archives of internal medicine.

[28]  F Vinicor,et al.  The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. , 2001, JAMA.

[29]  D. Pawlak,et al.  Glycemic index and obesity. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[30]  S. Fowler,et al.  Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. , 2002 .

[31]  E. Rimm,et al.  Dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in men. , 2002, Diabetes care.

[32]  Walter C Willett,et al.  Dietary Patterns and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in U.S. Men , 2002, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[33]  Dang Qing,et al.  Effects of Diet and Exercise in Preventing NIDDM in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance The , 2022 .