Observations on teamwork strategies in the ACM international collegiate programming contest

Thirty years ago, the first International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC) [5] was held by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) [1]. Since then, the number of universities participating in this challenge has increased each year. It is not just a programming contest; it challenges contestants' algorithmic knowledge, coding skills, ability to cope with stress, and ability to cooperate efficiently within a team.