Influence of annealing temperature on the CO sensing mechanism for tin dioxide based sensors–Operando studies

Abstract In this work, we made an attempt to understand the influence of the annealing treatment on CO sensing with tin dioxide based sensors. As a first step, the surface of tin dioxide powders and of sensitive layers based on them has been characterised by means of the IR studies; it was shown in this way that at the surface of thick film SnO2 based sensors the structure of hydroxyl groups is similar to the one found at the surface of SnO2 powders, independent on the sensors’ annealing temperature. Afterwards, the CO reaction with sensors annealed at 500 and 700 °C has been investigated by simultaneous electrical and infrared studies (DRIFTS) in operando conditions (air, 200–400 °C). It was concluded that the final annealing temperature influences the concentration of the reactive sites for oxygen ionosorption, which finally determines the main CO reaction route and thus the sensor signal.

[1]  A. A. Davydov,et al.  Molecular Spectroscopy of Oxide Catalyst Surfaces , 2003 .

[2]  Udo Weimar,et al.  Water–oxygen interplay on tin dioxide surface: Implication on gas sensing , 2005 .

[3]  U. Diebold,et al.  The surface and materials science of tin oxide , 2005 .

[4]  V. Kiselev,et al.  Adsorption and Catalysis on Transition Metals and Their Oxides , 1989 .

[5]  L. Merhari,et al.  Comparison of the gas sensing properties of tin, indium and tungsten oxides nanopowders: carbon monoxide and oxygen detection , 2002 .

[6]  J. Szuber,et al.  Complementary phenomenological and spectroscopic studies of propane sensing with tin dioxide based sensors , 2005 .

[7]  Norio Miura,et al.  Hydrothermally treated sol solution of tin oxide for thin-film gas sensor , 2000 .

[8]  S. Lenaerts,et al.  FT-IR characterization of tin dioxide gas sensor materials under working conditions , 1995 .

[9]  U. Weimar,et al.  Understanding the fundamental principles of metal oxide based gas sensors; the example of CO sensing with SnO2 sensors in the presence of humidity , 2003 .

[10]  F. Gaillard,et al.  An intermittent temperature-programmed desorption method for studying kinetics of desorption from heterogeneous surfaces , 2004 .

[11]  Kenneth W. van Every,et al.  Characterization of Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR Spectrometry for Heterogeneous Catalyst Studies , 1991 .

[12]  中田 聡.  Chemical analysis based on nonlinearity , 2003 .

[13]  Lutz Mädler,et al.  Fundamental studies on SnO2 by means of simultaneous work function change and conduction measurements , 2005 .

[14]  J. Herrmann,et al.  Nanosized tin dioxide : Spectroscopic (UV-VIS, NIR, EPR) and electrical conductivity studies , 2001 .

[15]  N. Bârsan,et al.  Conduction Model of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors , 2001 .

[16]  T. Bécue,et al.  Diffuse Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy (Drifts): Application to the in Situ Analysis of Catalysts , 2004 .

[17]  Jean-Claude Lavalley,et al.  Infrared spectrometric studies of the surface basicity of metal oxides and zeolites using adsorbed probe molecules , 1996 .

[18]  J. Kappler,et al.  Correlation between XPS, Raman and TEM measurements and the gas sensitivity of Pt and Pd doped SnO2 based gas sensors , 1998 .

[19]  L. Merhari,et al.  Influence of the Particle Size on the Surface Reactivity and Gas Sensing Properties of SnO2 Nanopowders , 2001 .

[20]  F. Bozon-Verduraz,et al.  Infrared studies on SnO2 and Pd/SnO2 , 2001 .

[21]  In situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) study of the reversibility of CdGeON sensors towards oxygen , 1996 .

[22]  S. Middelhoek,et al.  Thin film resistive sensors , 1992 .

[23]  G. Pacchioni,et al.  Formation of Schottky Defects at the Surface of MgO, TiO2, and SnO2: A Comparative Density Functional Theoretical Study , 2004 .

[24]  M. Madou,et al.  Chemical Sensing With Solid State Devices , 1989 .

[25]  A. Spetz,et al.  Vibrational study of ammonia adsorption on Pt/SiO2 , 2004 .

[26]  L. Gao,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline tin oxide by sol–gel method , 2004 .

[27]  Nicolae Barsan,et al.  DRIFT studies of thick film un-doped and Pd-doped SnO2 sensors: temperature changes effect and CO detection mechanism in the presence of water vapour , 2003 .

[28]  H. Verweij,et al.  Interaction of water with titania: implications for high-temperature gas sensing. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[29]  C. Kittel.  Introduction to solid state physics , 1954 .

[30]  N. Sergent,et al.  Preparation and characterisation of high surface area stannic oxides: structural, textural and semiconducting properties , 2002 .

[31]  Giuliano Martinelli,et al.  Characterization of SnO2-based gas sensors. A spectroscopic and electrical study of thick films from commercial and laboratory-prepared samples , 1997 .

[32]  S. Semancik,et al.  Surface conductivity changes in SnO2(110): Effects of oxygen , 1987 .

[33]  G. Martinelli,et al.  Electrical and spectroscopic characterization of SnO2 and Pd-SnO2 thick films studied as CO gas sensors , 1998 .

[34]  N. Bârsan,et al.  Spectroscopic insights into CO sensing of undoped and palladium doped tin dioxide sensors derived from hydrothermally treated tin oxide sol , 2006 .

[35]  János Mizsei,et al.  Experimental studies of O2–SnO2 surface interaction using powder, thick films and monocrystalline thin films , 2005 .

[36]  G. Spoto,et al.  IR spectroscopy of neutral and ionic hydrogen-bonded complexes formed upon interaction of CH3OH, C2H5OH, (CH3)(2)O, (C2H5)(2)O and C4H8O with H-Y, H-ZSM-5 and H-mordenite: Comparison with analogous adducts formed on the H-Nafion superacidic membrane , 1996 .

[37]  H. Ratajczak,et al.  Profiles of hydrogen stretching IR bands of molecules with hydrogen bonds: A stochastic theory. II. Strong hydrogen bonds , 1982 .

[38]  J. Lunsford.  ESR of Adsorbed Oxygen Species , 1974 .

[39]  S. R. Morrison,et al.  The Chemical Physics of Surfaces , 1977 .

[40]  Noboru Yamazoe,et al.  Interactions of tin oxide surface with O2, H2O AND H2 , 1979 .

[41]  K. Yu,et al.  MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGE OF NANO-SNO2 GRAIN ASSEMBLAGES WITH THE ANNEALING TEMPERATURE , 1997 .

[42]  Clifton G. Fonstad,et al.  Defect structure and electronic donor levels in stannic oxide crystals , 1973 .

[43]  Joachim Maier,et al.  Investigations of the bulk defect chemistry of polycrystalline tin(IV) oxide , 1988 .

[44]  P. Harrison,et al.  Tin oxide surfaces. Part 17.—An infrared and thermogravimetric analysis of the thermal dehydration of tin(IV) oxide gel , 1987 .

[45]  Udo Weimar,et al.  In situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy study of CO adsorption on SnO2 , 2001 .

[46]  Lauri Holappa,et al.  H2S-sensing properties of SnO2 produced by ball milling and different chemical reactions , 2006 .