Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection in tongue tips from dead animals

The control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) hinges on monitoring and surveillance. The objective of this study was to assess PRRSV RNA detection by RT-PCR in tongue tips from dead suckling piglets compared to serum samples, processing fluids, and family oral fluids. Tongue tips and serum samples were collected from three PRRSV-positive breeding herd farms (farms A, B, and C) of three different age groups: newborns (<24 h), processing (2 to 7 days of age), and weaning (18 to 22 days of age). Additionally, processing fluids and family oral fluids were collected from 2–7 days of age and weaning age, respectively. In farms A and B, PRRSV RNA was detected in tongue tips from all age groups (100 and 95%, respectively). In addition, PRRSV RNA was detected in pooled serum samples (42 and 27%), processing fluids (100 and 50%), and family oral fluids (11 and 22%). Interestingly, the average Ct value from tongue tips was numerically lower than the average Ct value from serum samples in the newborn age. In farm C, PRRSV RNA was only detected in serum samples (60%) and family oral fluids (43%), both from the weaning age. Further, no PRRSV RNA was detected in tongue tips when pooled serum samples from the same age group tested PRRSV RNA-negative. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential value of tongue tips for PRRSV monitoring and surveillance.

[1]  J. Zimmerman,et al.  Next Generation of Voluntary PRRS Virus Regional Control Programs , 2021, Frontiers in Veterinary Science.

[2]  C. Vilalta,et al.  Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Surveillance in breeding Herds and Nurseries Using Tongue Tips from Dead Animals , 2021, Veterinary sciences.

[3]  C. Rademacher,et al.  Collecting oral fluid samples from due-to-wean litters. , 2019, Preventive veterinary medicine.

[4]  R. Main,et al.  Macroepidemiological aspects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection by major United States veterinary diagnostic laboratories over time, age group, and specimen , 2019, PloS one.

[5]  J. Zimmerman,et al.  Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome monitoring in breeding herds using processing fluids , 2018 .

[6]  E. Mateu,et al.  Testing of umbilical cords by real time PCR is suitable for assessing vertical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus under field conditions. , 2018, Veterinary journal.

[7]  E. Loza-Rubio,et al.  Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) , 2018 .

[8]  P. Gauger,et al.  Sampling guidelines for oral fluid-based surveys of group-housed animals. , 2017, Veterinary microbiology.

[9]  D. O’Connor,et al.  Reorganization and expansion of the nidoviral family Arteriviridae , 2015, Archives of Virology.

[10]  N Nieuwenhuis,et al.  Economic analysis of outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in nine sow herds , 2012, Veterinary Record.

[11]  J. Kliebenstein,et al.  Economic Impact of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus on U.S. Pork Producers , 2012 .

[12]  Y. Koketsu,et al.  Preweaning mortality risks and recorded causes of death associated with production factors in swine breeding herds in Japan. , 2006, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[13]  S. Goyal,et al.  Pathogenesis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection in Gnotobiotic Pigs , 1995, Veterinary pathology.

[14]  S. Goyal,et al.  Characterization of Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome (SIRS) Virus (Isolate ATCC VR-2332) , 1992, Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.

[15]  M. Voets,et al.  Mystery swine disease in The Netherlands: the isolation of Lelystad virus. , 1991, The Veterinary quarterly.