Volatile compounds monitoring as indicative of female cattle fertile period using electronic nose

Abstract Fertility in dairy cows has declined over the last 50 years, due to changes in endocrinal parameters. The accurate estrus determination would increase artificial insemination (AI) efficiency in cattle, offering great financial return, providing genetic improvement and genetic or acquired diseases control. Thus, an efficient electronic nose system developed with polyaniline based sensors doped with different acids for estrus determination in female cattle has been reported. In the proposed olfactory technology, disposable swabs for material collected from the perigenital area and vagina of the animals were used avoiding rectal manipulation, as well as disposable sensors, conferring ease handling and health safety for estrus determination process. The results showed the olfactory system accurately determined the estrus, best AI moment (12 h after estrus detection), and diestrus (corpus luteum phase) in cows, could be efficiently used to indicate the best AI time in cattle.

[1]  W. A. J. J. Wiegerinck,et al.  BOVINOSE: Pheromone-Based Sensor System for Detecting Estrus in Dairy Cows , 2011, FET.

[2]  John Woolliams,et al.  Declining fertility in dairy cattle: changes in traditional and endocrine parameters of fertility. , 2000 .

[3]  Gordon G. Wallace,et al.  Conducting Polymer Sensors , 1996 .

[4]  A. J. McArthur,et al.  Milk temperature and detection of oestrus in dairy cattle , 1992 .

[5]  Luiz H. C. Mattoso,et al.  Modification of electrospun nylon nanofibers using layer-by-layer films for application in flow injection electronic tongue: Detection of paraoxon pesticide in corn crop , 2012 .

[6]  W Steeneveld,et al.  Effect of sensor systems for cow management on milk production, somatic cell count, and reproduction. , 2015, Journal of dairy science.

[7]  Asha Chaubey,et al.  Application of conducting polymers to biosensors. , 2002, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[8]  Fernanda C. Corazza,et al.  Gas sensors development using supercritical fluid technology to detect the ripeness of bananas , 2010 .

[9]  E. Schaller,et al.  ‘Electronic Noses’ and Their Application to Food , 1998 .

[10]  Marcos L. Corazza,et al.  Low-cost sensors developed on paper by line patterning with graphite and polyaniline coating with supercritical CO2 , 2009 .

[11]  Clarice Steffens,et al.  Low-Cost Gas Sensors Produced by the Graphite Line-Patterning Technique Applied to Monitoring Banana Ripeness , 2011, Sensors.

[12]  Jun Wang,et al.  Quality grade identification of green tea using the eigenvalues of PCA based on the E-nose signals , 2009 .

[13]  A. Partridge,et al.  Conducting polymer-based sensors , 2000 .

[14]  Adriana Marcia Graboski,et al.  Electronic nose system based on polyaniline films sensor array with different dopants for discrimination of artificial aromas , 2017 .

[15]  Suranjan Panigrahi,et al.  Evaluation of an artificial olfactory system for grain quality discrimination , 2007 .

[16]  T Mottram,et al.  Animal board invited review: precision livestock farming for dairy cows with a focus on oestrus detection. , 2016, Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience.

[17]  Alan G. MacDiarmid,et al.  Line patterning of conducting polymers : New horizons for inexpensive, disposable electronic devices , 2001 .

[18]  Peter W.G. Groot Koerkamp,et al.  Automatic detection of oestrus cows via breath sampling with an electronic nose: A pilot study , 2017 .

[19]  A. MacDiarmid,et al.  Sensors using octaaniline for volatile organic compounds , 1999 .

[20]  F. van Eerdenburg,et al.  When is a cow in estrus? Clinical and practical aspects. , 2010, Theriogenology.

[21]  H. Dobson,et al.  Invited review: Learning from the future-A vision for dairy farms and cows in 2067. , 2018, Journal of dairy science.

[22]  Effect of Corn Processing and Wet Distillers Grains Inclusion Level in Finishing Diets , 2007 .

[23]  G. Nute,et al.  The measurement of the responses to different odour intensities of `boar taint' using a sensory panel and an electronic nose. , 1998, Meat science.

[24]  Clarice Steffens,et al.  Atomic Force Microscopy as a Tool Applied to Nano/Biosensors , 2012, Sensors.

[25]  Leonardo G. Paterno,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of chemical sensors made from nanostructured films of poly(o-ethoxyaniline) prepared with different doping acids , 2008 .

[26]  Alan G. MacDiarmid,et al.  Polyaniline and polypyrrole: Where are we headed? , 2010 .

[27]  G. Archunan,et al.  Flehmen response in bull: role of vaginal mucus and other body fluids of bovine with special reference to estrus , 2004, Behavioural Processes.

[28]  Array of Different Polyaniline-Based Sensors for Detection of Volatile Compounds in Gummy Candy , 2017, Food Analytical Methods.

[29]  D. Wathes,et al.  An electronic nose to detect changes in perineal odors associated with estrus in the cow. , 1998, Journal of dairy science.

[30]  A. MacDiarmid,et al.  Line patterning of graphite and the fabrication of cheap, inexpensive, “throw-away” sensors , 2008 .

[31]  G. Perry,et al.  A pheromonal function for the perineal skin glands in the cow , 1988, Veterinary Record.

[32]  L. Buckley,et al.  Observations of polyaniline surface morphology modification during doping and de-doping using atomic force microscopy , 1994, Journal of Materials Science.