Drugs and Brugada syndrome patients: review of the literature, recommendations, and an up-to-date website (www.brugadadrugs.org).

[1]  P. Matejovič,et al.  Effect of antipsychotic drug perphenazine on fast sodium current and transient outward potassium current in rat ventricular myocytes , 2009, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.

[2]  K. Kuck,et al.  Electrical storm in Brugada syndrome successfully treated with orciprenaline; effect of low-dose quinidine on the electrocardiogram. , 2009, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[3]  A. Wilde,et al.  Empiric quinidine therapy for asymptomatic Brugada syndrome: time for a prospective registry. , 2009, Heart rhythm.

[4]  G. Cascino,et al.  Identification of a possible pathogenic link between congenital long QT syndrome and epilepsy , 2009, Neurology.

[5]  C. Antzelevitch,et al.  Study of the Extent of the Information of Cardiologists from São Paulo City, Brazil, Regarding a Low‐Prevalence Entity: Brugada Syndrome , 2008, Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc.

[6]  A. Wilde,et al.  Fever increases the risk for cardiac arrest in the Brugada syndrome. , 2008, Annals of internal medicine.

[7]  E. Walsh,et al.  Cardiac Conduction Disturbances and Ventricular Tachycardia after Prolonged Propofol Infusion in an Infant , 2008, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[8]  N. Mok,et al.  Concomitant‐Acquired Long QT and Brugada Syndromes Associated with Indapamide‐Induced Hypokalemia and Hyponatremia , 2008, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[9]  Y. Rudy,et al.  Subepicardial phase 0 block and discontinuous transmural conduction underlie right precordial ST-segment elevation by a SCN5A loss-of-function mutation. , 2008, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[10]  J. Fish,et al.  Cellular Mechanism and Arrhythmogenic Potential of T‐Wave Alternans in the Brugada Syndrome , 2008, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[11]  K. Cao,et al.  Short-term normalization of ventricular repolarization by transcatheter ablation in a patient with suspected Brugada Syndrome , 2008, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

[12]  Lars Eckardt,et al.  Role of programmed ventricular stimulation in patients with Brugada syndrome: a meta-analysis of worldwide published data. , 2007, European heart journal.

[13]  V. Bebarta,et al.  Incidence of Brugada electrocardiographic pattern and outcomes of these patients after intentional tricyclic antidepressant ingestion. , 2007, The American journal of cardiology.

[14]  J. Steinberg,et al.  Antiarrhythmic Induced Electrical Storm in Brugada Syndrome: A Case Report , 2007, Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc.

[15]  V. Bebarta,et al.  Brugada electrocardiographic pattern induced by cocaine toxicity. , 2007, Annals of emergency medicine.

[16]  W. Shimizu,et al.  Acute and chronic management in patients with Brugada syndrome associated with electrical storm of ventricular fibrillation. , 2007, Heart rhythm.

[17]  A. Adabağ,et al.  Brugada Pattern Electrocardiogram Associated with Supratherapeutic Phenytoin Levels and the Risk of Sudden Death , 2007, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[18]  W. Colledge,et al.  Effects of flecainide and quinidine on arrhythmogenic properties of Scn5a+/− murine hearts modelling the Brugada syndrome , 2007, The Journal of physiology.

[19]  A. Shelling,et al.  Brugada Syndrome Masquerading as Febrile Seizures , 2007, Pediatrics.

[20]  A. Wilde,et al.  Clinical Aspects and Prognosis of Brugada Syndrome in Children , 2007, Circulation.

[21]  M. Cárdenas,et al.  Ionic Basis of Pharmacological Therapy in Brugada Syndrome , 2007, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[22]  W. Colledge,et al.  Effects of flecainide and quinidine on arrhythmogenic properties of Scn5a+/Δ murine hearts modelling long QT syndrome 3 , 2007, The Journal of physiology.

[23]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Unmasking of the Brugada syndrome phenotype during the acute phase of amiodarone infusion. , 2006, Circulation.

[24]  J. Ruijter,et al.  Diagnostic Value of Flecainide Testing in Unmasking SCN5A‐Related Brugada Syndrome , 2006, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[25]  P. Leprince,et al.  Extracorporeal life support in a case of acute carbamazepine poisoning with life-threatening refractory myocardial failure , 2006, Intensive Care Medicine.

[26]  N. Goldschlager,et al.  Brugada electrocardiographic pattern due to tricyclic antidepressant overdose. , 2006, Journal of electrocardiology.

[27]  Y. Aizawa,et al.  Shortening of the ventricular fibrillatory intervals after administration of verapamil in a patient with Brugada syndrome and vasospastic angina. , 2006, Journal of electrocardiology.

[28]  H. Morita,et al.  Low-dose isoproterenol for repetitive ventricular arrhythmia in patients with Brugada syndrome. , 2006, European heart journal.

[29]  J. A. Gomes,et al.  Risk Stratification of Individuals with the Brugada Electrocardiogram: A Meta‐Analysis , 2006, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[30]  D. Roden,et al.  Brugada‐Type ECG Pattern and Extreme QRS Complex Widening with Propafenone Overdose , 2006, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[31]  D. Bers.  Faculty Opinions recommendation of Beta-adrenergic stimulation of L-type Ca2+ channels in cardiac myocytes requires the distal carboxyl terminus of alpha1C but not serine 1928. , 2006 .

[32]  W. Ho,et al.  Dimethyl Lithospermate B, an Extract of Danshen, Suppresses Arrhythmogenesis Associated With the Brugada Syndrome , 2006, Circulation.

[33]  M. Hiraoka,et al.  Effects of Low-Dose Quinidine on Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients With Brugada Syndrome: Low-Dose Quinidine Therapy as an Adjunctive Treatment , 2006, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[34]  W. Crumb,et al.  Effects of cyamemazine on hERG, INa, ICa, Ito, Isus and IK1 channel currents, and on the QTc interval in guinea pigs. , 2006, European journal of pharmacology.

[35]  B. O’Rourke,et al.  &bgr;-Adrenergic Stimulation of L-type Ca2 Channels in Cardiac Myocytes Requires the Distal Carboxyl Terminus of &agr;1C but Not Serine 1928 , 2006, Circulation research.

[36]  C. Becker,et al.  Failure of Cilostazol in the Prevention of Ventricular Fibrillation in a Patient with Brugada Syndrome , 2006, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[37]  F. Prinzen,et al.  Electrocardiographic changes predicting sudden death in propofol-related infusion syndrome. , 2006, Heart rhythm.

[38]  P. Brugada,et al.  Cibenzoline induced Brugada ECG pattern. , 2005, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[39]  D. Roden,et al.  Unmasking of Brugada Syndrome by Lithium , 2005, Circulation.

[40]  J. Brugada,et al.  Diphenhydramine Overdose and Brugada Sign , 2005, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[41]  H. Inoue,et al.  Repolarization Dynamics in Patients with Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation: Pharmacological Therapy with Bepridil and Disopyramide , 2005, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[42]  R. Brugada,et al.  Lidocaine-Induced Brugada Syndrome Phenotype Linked to a Novel Double Mutation in the Cardiac Sodium Channel , 2005, Circulation research.

[43]  A. Proclemer,et al.  Brugada-like ECG abnormalities during thioridazine overdose. , 2005, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[44]  J. Clerc,et al.  Propranolol intoxication revealing a Brugada syndrome. , 2005, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[45]  B. Chow,et al.  Brugada syndrome precipitated by a tricyclic antidepressant , 2005, Heart.

[46]  S. Hoka,et al.  General anesthesia for patients with Brugada syndrome. A report of six cases , 2005, Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie.

[47]  J. Brugada,et al.  Brugada syndrome: report of the second consensus conference. , 2005, Heart rhythm.

[48]  Martin Borggrefe,et al.  Intravenous drug challenge using flecainide and ajmaline in patients with Brugada syndrome. , 2005, Heart rhythm.

[49]  Wataru Shimizu,et al.  Brugada syndrome: report of the second consensus conference. , 2005, Heart rhythm.

[50]  G. Breithardt,et al.  Long-Term Prognosis of Individuals With Right Precordial ST-Segment–Elevation Brugada Syndrome , 2005, Circulation.

[51]  S. Viskin,et al.  Efficacy of Quinidine in High-Risk Patients With Brugada Syndrome , 2004, Circulation.

[52]  M. Scheinman,et al.  Effectiveness of sotalol treatment in symptomatic Brugada syndrome. , 2004, The American journal of cardiology.

[53]  KenOkumura,et al.  Mechanism of ST Elevation and Ventricular Arrhythmias in an Experimental Brugada Syndrome Model , 2004 .

[54]  A. Iwasa,et al.  Mechanism of ST Elevation and Ventricular Arrhythmias in an Experimental Brugada Syndrome Model , 2003, Circulation.

[55]  J. Sleigh,et al.  ECG features of sodium channel blockade in rodent phenytoin toxicity and effect of hypertonic saline. , 2003, Veterinary and human toxicology.

[56]  J. Uther,et al.  Brugada-type electrocardiographic pattern induced by epidural bupivacaine. , 2003, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[57]  G. Breithardt,et al.  The ajmaline challenge in Brugada syndrome: diagnostic impact, safety, and recommended protocol. , 2003, European heart journal.

[58]  P. Gerner,et al.  Tricyclic antidepressants as long-acting local anesthetics , 2003, PAIN®.

[59]  S. Priori,et al.  Flecainide Test in Brugada Syndrome: A Reproducible but Risky Tool , 2003, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[60]  W. Shimizu,et al.  ST-segment elevation and ventricular fibrillation without coronary spasm by intracoronary injection of acetylcholine and/or ergonovine maleate in patients with Brugada syndrome. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[61]  R. Hauer,et al.  Proposed diagnostic criteria for the Brugada syndrome: consensus report. , 2002, Circulation.

[62]  J. Hurst,et al.  Tricyclic antidepressants and the brugada syndrome: An example of brugada waves appearing after the administration of desipramine , 2002, Clinical cardiology.

[63]  J. Yoshikawa,et al.  Pilsicanide‐Induced Marked T Wave Alternans and Ventricular Fibrillation in a Patient with Brugada Syndrome , 2002, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[64]  M. Arita,et al.  Prevention of Ventricular Fibrillation by Cilostazol, an Oral Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, in a Patient with Brugada Syndrome , 2002, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[65]  G. Sideris,et al.  Overdose of cyclic antidepressants and the Brugada syndrome. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[66]  J. Ortega-Carnicer,et al.  Aborted sudden death, transient Brugada pattern, and wide QRS dysrrhythmias after massive cocaine ingestion. , 2001, Journal of electrocardiology.

[67]  F. Cosío,et al.  Asymptomatic Brugada Syndrome Case Unmasked During Dimenhydrinate Infusion , 2001, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[68]  A. Wilde,et al.  Quinidine Induced Electrocardiographic Normalization in Two Patients with Brugada Syndrome , 2001, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[69]  F. Morady,et al.  Brugada Syndrome Mimicked by Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose , 2001, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[70]  P. Asfar,et al.  Transient ST Segment Elevation in Right Precordial Leads Induced by Psychotropic Drugs: Relationship to the Brugada Syndrome , 2001, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[71]  M. Dreimann,et al.  Effect of Drugs Used for Neuropathic Pain Management on Tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ Currents in Rat Sensory Neurons , 2001, Anesthesiology.

[72]  C. Starmer,et al.  Block of wild-type and inactivation-deficient cardiac sodium channels IFM/QQQ stably expressed in mammalian cells. , 2000, Biophysical journal.

[73]  K. Sunagawa,et al.  Effect of Sodium Channel Blockers on ST Segment, QRS Duration, and Corrected QT Interval in Patients with Brugada Syndrome , 2000, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[74]  R. Svenson,et al.  Brugada-type electrocardiographic pattern induced by cocaine. , 2000, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[75]  W. Shimizu,et al.  ST Segment and T Wave Alternans in a Patient with Brugada Syndrome , 2000, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[76]  S. Y. Wang,et al.  Block of human heart hH1 sodium channels by amitriptyline. , 2000, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[77]  L. Zaputović,et al.  Unmasking Effect of Propafenone on the Concealed Form of the Brugada Phenomenon , 2000, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[78]  J. Deharo,et al.  Near Fatal Electrical Storm in a Patient Equipped with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Brugada Syndrome , 2000, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[79]  J. Towbin,et al.  Sodium channel blockers identify risk for sudden death in patients with ST-segment elevation and right bundle branch block but structurally normal hearts. , 2000, Circulation.

[80]  C. Antzelevitch,et al.  Cellular basis for the Brugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis associated with ST-segment elevation. , 1999, Circulation.

[81]  S. Ogawa,et al.  Nonischemic ST-segment elevation induced by negative inotropic agents. , 1999, Japanese circulation journal.

[82]  H. Morita,et al.  Asymptomatic Form of Brugada Syndrome , 1999, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[83]  E. Itoh,et al.  A case of vasospastic angina presenting Brugada-type ECG abnormalities. , 1999, Japanese circulation journal.

[84]  M. Arita,et al.  Effects of Pimobendan on the L-Type Ca2+ Current and Developed Tension in Guinea-Pig Ventricular Myocytes and Papillary Muscle: Comparison with IBMX, Milrinone, and Cilostazol , 1999, Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy.

[85]  J. E. de la Coussaye,et al.  Dispersion-based reentry: mechanism of initiation of ventricular tachycardia in isolated rabbit hearts. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[86]  M. Josephson,et al.  ST Segment Elevation Induced by Class IC Antiarrhythmic Agents: Underlying Electrophysiologic Mechanisms and Insights into Drug‐Induced Proarrhythmia , 1998, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[87]  E. Bertaglia,et al.  Right bundle branch block, intermittent ST segment elevation and inducible ventricular tachycardia in an asymptomatic patient: an unusual presentation of the Brugada syndrome? , 1998, Giornale italiano di cardiologia.

[88]  R. Niwa,et al.  Na+ channel blocking effects of cibenzoline on guinea-pig ventricular cells. , 1998, European journal of pharmacology.

[89]  D. Saint.  The effects of propofol on macroscopic and single channel sodium currents in rat ventricular myocytes , 1998, British journal of pharmacology.

[90]  W. Shimizu,et al.  Dynamic Changes of 12‐Lead Electrocardiograms in a Patient with Brugada Syndrome , 1998, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[91]  C. Orchard,et al.  Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, L‐type Ca2+ current and the Ca2+ transient in rat myocytes during β‐adrenergic Stimulation , 1997, The Journal of physiology.

[92]  M. Segal,et al.  Late sodium channel openings underlying epileptiform activity are preferentially diminished by the anticonvulsant phenytoin. , 1997, Journal of neurophysiology.

[93]  H Kasanuki,et al.  Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation induced with vagal activity in patients without obvious heart disease. , 1997, Circulation.

[94]  Y. Aizawa,et al.  Discrepant drug action of disopyramide on ECG abnormalities and induction of ventricular arrhythmias in a patient with Brugada syndrome. , 1997, Journal of electrocardiology.

[95]  J. Brugada,et al.  Further Characterization of the Syndrome of Right Bundle Branch Block, ST Segment Elevation, and Sudden Cardiac Death , 1997, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[96]  R. Bolognesi,et al.  Abnormal ventricular repolarization mimicking myocardial infarction after heterocyclic antidepressant overdose. , 1997, The American journal of cardiology.

[97]  J. Brugada,et al.  Electrophysiologic and proarrhythmogenic effects of therapeutic and toxic doses of imipramine: a study with high resolution ventricular epicardial mapping in rabbit hearts. , 1996, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[98]  S. Ogawa,et al.  Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in a patient with Brugada syndrome. , 1996, Japanese circulation journal.

[99]  T. Sawanobori,et al.  Electrophysiological effects of clentiazem, a new Ca2+ antagonist, on rabbit hearts. , 1996, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[100]  Y. Aizawa,et al.  Autonomic and antiarrhythmic drug modulation of ST segment elevation in patients with Brugada syndrome. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[101]  M. Yoshimura,et al.  Ethanol inhibition of Ca2+ and Na+ currents in the guinea-pig heart. , 1995, European journal of pharmacology.

[102]  W. Crumb,et al.  Cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine and ethanol, is a potent blocker of cardiac sodium channels. , 1994, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[103]  M. Berman,et al.  Relative sodium current block by bupivacaine and lidocaine in neonatal rat myocytes. , 1994, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[104]  R. Balansky,et al.  Effects of Isosorbide‐5‐mononitrate and Isosorbide‐2‐mononitrate on the Contractile and Electrical Activity and on the Content of Cyclic Nucleotides in Isolated Heart Muscles of the Guinea‐pig and Dog , 1992, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[105]  M. Allessie,et al.  Electrophysiologic and arrhythmogenic effects of bupivacaine. A study with high-resolution ventricular epicardial mapping in rabbit hearts. , 1992, Anesthesiology.

[106]  P. Savard,et al.  A Quantitative Analysis of Use‐Dependent Ventricular Conduction Slowing by Procainamide in Anesthetized Dogs , 1992, Circulation.

[107]  A. Pickoff,et al.  Evidence for developmental changes in sodium channel inactivation gating and sodium channel block by phenytoin in rat cardiac myocytes. , 1991, Circulation research.

[108]  F. Bahls,et al.  Interactions between calcium channel blockers and the anticonvulsants carbamazepine and phenytoin , 1991, Neurology.

[109]  H. Kotake,et al.  Inhibitory actions of amoxapine, a tricyclic antidepressant agent, on electrophysiological properties of mammalian isolated cardiac preparations , 1988, British journal of pharmacology.

[110]  Y. Kurata,et al.  Electrophysiological effects of maprotiline, a tetracyclic antidepressant agent, on isolated cardiac preparations. , 1988, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[111]  G. Isenberg,et al.  Calmodulin antagonists depress calcium and potassium currents in ventricular and vascular myocytes. , 1987, The American journal of physiology.

[112]  W. Muir,et al.  Effects of Tricyclic Antidepressant Drugs on the Electrophysiological Properties of Dog Purkinje Fibers , 1982, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[113]  E. Müller‐Schweinitzer.  The Mechanism of Ergometrine‐Induced Coronary Arterial Spasm: In vitro Studies on Canine Arteries , 1980, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[114]  P. Dresel,et al.  Conduction defects in experimental atrial arrhythmia. , 1974, American heart journal.

[115]  J. Ruskin,et al.  Augmentation of late sodium current unmasks the proarrhythmic effects of amiodarone. , 2008, Cardiovascular research.

[116]  A. P. Riera,et al.  The management of Brugada syndrome patients. , 2007, Cardiology journal.

[117]  Takeshi Sasaki,et al.  Two cases of Brugada syndrome associated with spontaneous clinical episodes of coronary vasospasm. , 2006, Internal medicine.

[118]  M. Korth.  Influence of glyceryl trinitrate on force of contraction and action potential of guinea-pig myocardium , 2004, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.

[119]  B. Lou,et al.  Inhibition of Na(+) current by diphenhydramine and other diphenyl compounds: molecular determinants of selective binding to the inactivated channels. , 2000, Molecular pharmacology.

[120]  Z. Ungvari,et al.  Cardiac electrophysiological effects of citalopram in guinea pig papillary muscle comparison with clomipramine. , 2000, General pharmacology.

[121]  H. Tritthart,et al.  Rate-dependent effects of detajmium and propafenone on ventricular conduction and refractoriness in isolated guinea pig hearts. , 1996, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.