Optical spectroscopy and modeling of Fe 2+ ions in zinc selenide

Abstract In this work, we collect absorption and emission spectra for Fe2+ ions in zinc selenide (Fe:ZnSe) and identify trends from 10.5 to 300 K in absorption and from 5 to 300 K in emission. The absorption spectrum is used to determine free parameters in historical eigenvalue expansions for Fe2+ ions in tetrahedral potentials as described by Slack, Ham, and Chrenko. Additionally, we measure the change of the fluorescence lifetime of Fe2+ ions in ZnSe with respect to temperature from 5 to 300 K. A model of the behavior is developed and fit to the collected lifetime data. Results are compared with previously published values of the fluorescence lifetime of Fe:ZnSe and notable discrepancies are attributed to concentration-dependent effects.

[1]  R. Gurney,et al.  Electronic Processes in Ionic Crystals , 1964 .

[2]  V. A. Akimov,et al.  LASERS AND AMPLIFIERS: Efficient lasing in a Fe2+:ZnSe crystal at room temperature , 2006 .

[3]  Ramdas,et al.  Electronic excitations of substitutional transition-metal ions in II-VI semiconductors: CdTe:Fe2+ and CdSe:Fe2+ , 1992, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[4]  Jonathan W. Evans,et al.  A Passively $Q$-Switched, CW-Pumped Fe:ZnSe Laser , 2014, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[5]  D. L. Dexter,et al.  Phonon Sidebands, Multiphonon Relaxation of Excited States, and Phonon-Assisted Energy Transfer between Ions in Solids , 1970 .

[6]  Helena Jelínková,et al.  Fe:ZnSe laser oscillation under cryogenic and room temperature , 2013, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[7]  G. A. Slack,et al.  Infrared Luminescence of Fe 2+ in ZnS , 1967 .

[8]  Mikhail P. Frolov,et al.  A continuous-wave Fe{sup 2+}:ZnSe laser , 2008 .

[9]  Vladimir V. Fedorov,et al.  Temperature and concentration quenching of mid-IR photoluminescence in iron doped ZnSe and ZnS laser crystals , 2012 .

[10]  Jonathan W. Evans,et al.  840 mW continuous-wave Fe:ZnSe laser operating at 4140 nm. , 2012, Optics letters.

[11]  V. K. Komar,et al.  Fe:ZnSe laser oscillation under cryogenic and room temperature , 2013, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[12]  M. Rao,et al.  Vibrational properties and phase transitions in II–VI materials: lattice dynamics, ab initio studies and inelastic neutron scattering measurements , 2012, Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal.

[13]  J. V. Vleck.  Note on the gyromagnetic ratio of Co++ and on the Jahn-teller effect in Fe++ , 1960 .

[14]  G. A. Slack,et al.  Infrared Absorption and Luminescence Spectra of Fe 2+ in Cubic ZnS: Role of the Jahn-Teller Coupling , 1971 .

[15]  B. Hennion,et al.  Normal modes of vibrations in ZnSe , 1971 .

[16]  Ralph H. Page,et al.  Tunable laser action at 4.0 microns from Fe:ZnSe , 2001 .

[17]  H. Bethe.  Splitting of Terms in Crystals , 1962 .

[18]  G. A. Slack,et al.  Optical Absorption of Tetrahedral Fe 2+ (3d 6 ) in Cubic ZnS, CdTe, and MgAl 2 O 4 , 1966 .

[19]  Ralph H. Page,et al.  Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: Spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media , 1996 .

[20]  Vladimir I. Kozlovsky,et al.  Study of a 2-J pulsed Fe:ZnSe 4-μm laser , 2013 .

[21]  M. Weger,et al.  Paramagnetic Resonance and Optical Spectra of Divalent Iron in Cubic Fields. I. Theory , 1960 .

[22]  Petr Koranda,et al.  Fe:ZnSe laser - comparison of active materials grown by two different methods , 2011, LASE.

[23]  Steffen Greilich,et al.  Modelling the thermal quenching mechanism in quartz based on time-resolved optically stimulated luminescence , 2010 .

[24]  L. Martinelli,et al.  Two-mode jahn-teller effect in the absorption spectra of Fe2+in II-VI and III-V semiconductors , 2001 .

[25]  Jonathan W. Evans,et al.  A continuous wave Fe:ZnSe laser pumped by efficient Er:Y2O3 laser , 2015, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[26]  S A Payne,et al.  4.0-4.5-mum lasing of Fe:ZnSe below 180 K, a new mid-infrared laser material. , 1999, Optics letters.

[27]  B. Henderson,et al.  Optical spectroscopy of inorganic solids , 1989 .

[28]  Y. Tanabe,et al.  On the absorption spectra of complex ions. II , 2002 .