High-speed optical interconnections for digital systems

II As an alternative to electrical interconnections, optical interconnections are being investigated for digital systems that require high speed, density, and connectivity. In particular, diode-laser-based optical interconnections with high optoelectronic conversion efficiencies promise simple interconnections that can operate even at gigahertz. rates. Optical modules in which critical alignments have been performed during module assembly can reduce module placement requirements from micrometers to millimeters. Such modules can also eliminate the need for micropositioners in digital systems. This article describes the basic concepts of optical interconnections, the progress on experinlental diode-laser-based freespace optical interconnections, and the future prospects for this technology.