Present and Future Challenges

[1]  L. Sedger,et al.  Characterization of the in vivo function of TNF‐α‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand, TRAIL/Apo2L, using TRAIL/Apo2L gene‐deficient mice , 2002, European journal of immunology.

[2]  S. Lowe,et al.  DR5 Knockout Mice Are Compromised in Radiation-Induced Apoptosis , 2005, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[3]  Wen-sheng Sun,et al.  Detection of soluble TRAIL in HBV infected patients and its clinical implications. , 2002, World journal of gastroenterology.

[4]  L. Hood,et al.  Death receptor 5, a new member of the TNFR family, and DR4 induce FADD-dependent apoptosis and activate the NF-kappaB pathway. , 1997, Immunity.

[5]  D. Robertson A possible technique for isolating genic DNA for quantitative traits in plants , 1985 .

[6]  L. Ricci-Vitiani,et al.  Inhibition of DNA methylation sensitizes glioblastoma for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated destruction. , 2005, Cancer research.

[7]  D. Lawrence,et al.  Safety and antitumor activity of recombinant soluble Apo2 ligand. , 1999, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[8]  Y. Barrière,et al.  Nucleotide diversity of the ZmPox3 maize peroxidase gene: Relationships between a MITE insertion in exon 2 and variation in forage maize digestibility , 2004, BMC Genetics.

[9]  Leif Andersson,et al.  Domestic-animal genomics: deciphering the genetics of complex traits , 2004, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[10]  Takashi Araki,et al.  Hd3a, a rice ortholog of the Arabidopsis FT gene, promotes transition to flowering downstream of Hd1 under short-day conditions. , 2002, Plant & cell physiology.

[11]  P. Krammer,et al.  Death receptors in chemotherapy and cancer , 2004, Oncogene.

[12]  M. Yano,et al.  Hd1, a Major Photoperiod Sensitivity Quantitative Trait Locus in Rice, Is Closely Related to the Arabidopsis Flowering Time Gene CONSTANS , 2000, Plant Cell.

[13]  M. Morgante,et al.  From plant genomics to breeding practice. , 2003, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[14]  I. Jeremias,et al.  TRAIL induced survival and proliferation in cancer cells resistant towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis mediated by NF-κB , 2003, Oncogene.

[15]  R. Millikan,et al.  Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand in Interferon-Induced Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells , 2004, Cancer Research.

[16]  E. Dirice,et al.  Surface TRAIL decoy receptor-4 expression is correlated with TRAIL resistance in MCF7 breast cancer cells , 2005, BMC Cancer.

[17]  D. Lawrence,et al.  Molecular Determinants of Kinase Pathway Activation by Apo2 Ligand/Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[18]  Erwin G. Van Meir,et al.  Induction and intracellular regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mediated apotosis in human malignant glioma cells. , 2001, Cancer research.

[19]  J. Josse,et al.  Quantitative trait loci underlying gene product variation: a novel perspective for analyzing regulation of genome expression. , 1994, Genetics.

[20]  J. Lünemann,et al.  TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a potential response marker for interferon-beta treatment in multiple sclerosis , 2003, The Lancet.

[21]  M. Hahne,et al.  Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Induces Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast Proliferation through Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[22]  G. Martin,et al.  Deductions about the Number, Organization, and Evolution of Genes in the Tomato Genome Based on Analysis of a Large Expressed Sequence Tag Collection and Selective Genomic Sequencing Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010478. , 2002, The Plant Cell Online.

[23]  R. Stoughton,et al.  Genetics of gene expression surveyed in maize, mouse and man , 2003, Nature.

[24]  R. Plummer,et al.  Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of HGS-ETR2, a human monoclonal antibody to TRAIL R2, in patients with advanced solid malignancies , 2005 .

[25]  Z. Wang,et al.  Tumoricidal activity of a novel anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody without hepatocyte cytotoxicity , 2001, Nature Medicine.

[26]  L. Broemeling,et al.  Novel in vivo imaging shows up-regulation of death receptors by paclitaxel and correlates with enhanced antitumor effects of receptor agonist antibodies , 2006, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[27]  Y. Whang,et al.  Regulation of sensitivity to TRAIL by the PTEN tumor suppressor. , 2004, Vitamins and hormones.

[28]  P. Sova,et al.  A tumor-targeted and conditionally replicating oncolytic adenovirus vector expressing TRAIL for treatment of liver metastases. , 2004, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[29]  C. Akdis,et al.  Decoy receptor-2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) strategy employing three different siRNA constructs in combination defeats adenovirus-transferred tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand resistance in lung cancer cells. , 2006, Human gene therapy.

[30]  J. Doebley,et al.  teosinte branched1 and the origin of maize: evidence for epistasis and the evolution of dominance. , 1995, Genetics.

[31]  J. Tschopp,et al.  The Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand Receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 Have Distinct Cross-linking Requirements for Initiation of Apoptosis and Are Non-redundant in JNK Activation* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[32]  Peter Schow,et al.  Tumor-cell resistance to death receptor–induced apoptosis through mutational inactivation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bax , 2002, Nature Medicine.

[33]  Guo-Liang Wang,et al.  Robust-LongSAGE (RL-SAGE): A Substantially Improved LongSAGE Method for Gene Discovery and Transcriptome Analysis1[w] , 2004, Plant Physiology.

[34]  P. O'dwyer,et al.  17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin overcomes TRAIL resistance in colon cancer cell lines. , 2005, Biochemical pharmacology.

[35]  A. Crosby,et al.  Epidemic and Peace, 1918 , 1977 .

[36]  C A Smith,et al.  Identification and characterization of a new member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis. , 1995, Immunity.

[37]  R. Boissy,et al.  4-Tertiary butyl phenol exposure sensitizes human melanocytes to dendritic cell-mediated killing: relevance to vitiligo. , 2005, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[38]  John W. Keele,et al.  Positional candidate gene selection from livestock EST databases using Gene Ontology , 2003, Bioinform..

[39]  Joachim Messing,et al.  Pattern of diversity in the genomic region near the maize domestication gene tb1. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[40]  D. Killingray,et al.  The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 : New Perspectives , 2003 .

[41]  E. Alnemri,et al.  Natural Killer (NK) Cell–mediated Cytotoxicity: Differential Use of  TRAIL and Fas Ligand by Immature and Mature Primary Human NK Cells , 1998, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[42]  S. Costanzo,et al.  Linkage disequilibrium mapping of a Verticillium dahliae resistance quantitative trait locus in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) through a candidate gene approach , 2004, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[43]  C. Maliszewski,et al.  Monocyte-mediated Tumoricidal Activity via the Tumor Necrosis Factor–related Cytokine, TRAIL , 1999, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[44]  G. Luleci,et al.  Differential expression of TRAIL and its receptors in benign and malignant prostate tissues. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[45]  T. Rebbeck,et al.  Nucleotide substitution in the ectodomain of trail receptor DR4 is associated with lung cancer and head and neck cancer. , 2001, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[46]  Salima J Alladina,et al.  TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Human Vascular Endothelium Is Regulated by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt through the Short Form of Cellular FLIP and Bcl-2 , 2005, Journal of Vascular Research.

[47]  Rithy K. Roth,et al.  Gene expression analysis by massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) on microbead arrays , 2000, Nature Biotechnology.

[48]  A. Eggert,et al.  Resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in primitive neuroectodermal brain tumor cells correlates with a loss of caspase-8 expression , 2000, Oncogene.

[49]  S. Korsmeyer,et al.  An inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins induces regression of solid tumours , 2005, Nature.

[50]  Won-Kyung Cho,et al.  Adeno‐associated virus‐mediated gene transfer of a secreted form of TRAIL inhibits tumor growth and occurrence in an experimental tumor model , 2006, The journal of gene medicine.

[51]  F. Khuri,et al.  Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein down-regulation contributes to celecoxib-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. , 2006, Cancer research.

[52]  T. Griffith,et al.  Intracellular regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells. , 1998, Journal of immunology.

[53]  P. Hersey,et al.  Relation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor and FLICE-inhibitory protein expression to TRAIL-induced apoptosis of melanoma. , 1999, Cancer research.

[54]  P. Valéry Regards sur le monde actuel , 1932 .

[55]  W. El-Deiry,et al.  Deficient Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Death Receptor Transport to the Cell Surface in Human Colon Cancer Cells Selected for Resistance to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[56]  A. Valleron,et al.  Épidémiologie et canicules : analyses de la vague de chaleur 2003 en France , 2004 .

[57]  W. McCombie,et al.  Sequencing the maize genome. , 2004, Current opinion in plant biology.

[58]  C. Qian,et al.  Synergistic induction of tumor cell death by combining cisplatin with an oncolytic adenovirus carrying TRAIL , 2007, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.

[59]  A. Evdokiou,et al.  Progressive resistance of BTK-143 osteosarcoma cells to Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis is mediated by acquisition of DcR2/TRAIL-R4 expression: resensitisation with chemotherapy , 2003, British Journal of Cancer.

[60]  J. Doebley,et al.  The evolution of apical dominance in maize , 1997, Nature.

[61]  John Calvin Reed,et al.  PG490-mediated sensitization of lung cancer cells to Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis requires activation of ERK2 , 2003, Oncogene.

[62]  S. E. F. Tran,et al.  MAPK/ERK Overrides the Apoptotic Signaling from Fas, TNF, and TRAIL Receptors* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[63]  G. Screaton,et al.  Expression of TRAIL and TRAIL receptors in normal and malignant tissues , 2005, Cell Research.

[64]  J. Houghton,et al.  Reactive oxygen species regulate caspase activation in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-resistant human colon carcinoma cell lines. , 2005, Cancer research.

[65]  Xiaodong Wang,et al.  A Small Molecule Smac Mimic Potentiates TRAIL- and TNFα-Mediated Cell Death , 2004, Science.

[66]  D. Seol,et al.  Generation of a novel proform of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein that can be reactivated by matrix metalloproteinases. , 2006, Experimental cell research.

[67]  C. Smith,et al.  The novel receptor TRAIL-R4 induces NF-kappaB and protects against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, yet retains an incomplete death domain. , 1997, Immunity.

[68]  A. Ruggeri,et al.  A new selective AKT pharmacological inhibitor reduces resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, TRAIL, all-trans-retinoic acid, and ionizing radiation of human leukemia cells , 2003, Leukemia.

[69]  B. Coventry,et al.  Apo2l/Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand prevents breast cancer-induced bone destruction in a mouse model. , 2006, Cancer research.

[70]  H. Friess,et al.  Effects and expression of TRAIL and its apoptosis-promoting receptors in human pancreatic cancer. , 2001, Cancer letters.

[71]  Masayuki Takahashi,et al.  Role of phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase/Akt pathway in bladder cancer cell apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand , 2006, Cancer science.

[72]  S. Salvi,et al.  Mapping QTLs regulating morpho-physiological traits and yield: case studies, shortcomings and perspectives in drought-stressed maize. , 2002, Annals of botany.

[73]  T. Rocheford,et al.  Dissection of Maize Kernel Composition and Starch Production by Candidate Gene Association , 2004, The Plant Cell Online.

[74]  R. Dubose,et al.  Cloning and Characterization of TRAIL-R3, a Novel Member of the Emerging TRAIL Receptor Family , 1997, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[75]  C. Belka,et al.  Irradiation specifically sensitises solid tumour cell lines to TRAIL mediated apoptosis , 2005, BMC Cancer.

[76]  T. Sayers,et al.  TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand as a therapeutic agent in autoimmunity and cancer , 2006, Immunology and cell biology.

[77]  J. Thoday,et al.  Location of Polygenes , 1961, Nature.

[78]  G. Cohen,et al.  Chronic lymphocytic leukemic cells exhibit apoptotic signaling via TRAIL-R1 , 2005, Cell Death and Differentiation.

[79]  E. Buckler,et al.  Structure of linkage disequilibrium in plants. , 2003, Annual review of plant biology.

[80]  G. Screaton,et al.  Preligand assembly domain-mediated ligand-independent association between TRAIL receptor 4 (TR4) and TR2 regulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[81]  M. Tanimoto,et al.  Activated human umbilical cord blood dendritic cells kill tumor cells without damaging normal hematological progenitor cells , 2005, Cancer science.

[82]  G. Charmet,et al.  Colocation between a gene encoding the bZip factor SPA and an eQTL for a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit in wheat (Triticum aestivum). , 2004, Genome.

[83]  K. Sax,et al.  The Association of Size Differences with Seed-Coat Pattern and Pigmentation in PHASEOLUS VULGARIS. , 1923, Genetics.

[84]  A. Musani,et al.  Differential Expression of TRAIL and TRAIL Receptors in Allergic Asthmatics Following Segmental Antigen Challenge: Evidence for a Role of TRAIL in Eosinophil Survival1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[85]  Joseph H. Nadeau,et al.  The roads from phenotypic variation to gene discovery: mutagenesis versus QTLs , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[86]  K. Totpal,et al.  Preclinical studies to predict the disposition of Apo2L/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in humans: characterization of in vivo efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety. , 2001, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[87]  R. Gentz,et al.  An antagonist decoy receptor and a death domain-containing receptor for TRAIL. , 1997, Science.

[88]  M. V. D. van den Brink,et al.  Nature's TRAIL--on a path to cancer immunotherapy. , 2003, Immunity.

[89]  B. Hylander,et al.  The anti-tumor effect of Apo2L/TRAIL on patient pancreatic adenocarcinomas grown as xenografts in SCID mice , 2005, Journal of Translational Medicine.

[90]  C. Dinney,et al.  Gefitinib reverses TRAIL resistance in human bladder cancer cell lines via inhibition of AKT-mediated X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression. , 2007, Cancer research.

[91]  S. Fulda,et al.  5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine and IFN-γ cooperate to sensitize for TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating caspase-8 , 2006, Oncogene.

[92]  M. Smyth,et al.  Eradication of established tumors in mice by a combination antibody-based therapy , 2006, Nature Medicine.

[93]  Ron Korstanje,et al.  From QTL to gene: the harvest begins , 2002, Nature Genetics.

[94]  K. Matsushima,et al.  Regulation of tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL receptor expression in human neutrophils , 2004, Immunology.

[95]  P. Donnelly,et al.  Association mapping in structured populations. , 2000, American journal of human genetics.

[96]  C. Rauch,et al.  Tumoricidal activity of tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand in vivo , 1999, Nature Medicine.

[97]  W I Wood,et al.  Control of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by a family of signaling and decoy receptors. , 1997, Science.

[98]  Daniel R. Richards,et al.  Dissecting the architecture of a quantitative trait locus in yeast , 2002, Nature.

[99]  M. Smyth,et al.  Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (Trail) Contributes to Interferon γ–Dependent Natural Killer Cell Protection from Tumor Metastasis , 2001, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[100]  Christoph H Emmerich,et al.  TRAIL signalling: decisions between life and death. , 2007, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[101]  Xiangwei Wu,et al.  Bypass NF-κB-mediated survival pathways by TRAIL and Smac , 2007 .

[102]  R. K Srivastava,et al.  Constitutively active Akt is an important regulator of TRAIL sensitivity in prostate cancer , 2001, Oncogene.

[103]  Michael Weller,et al.  Smac agonists sensitize for Apo2L/TRAIL- or anticancer drug-induced apoptosis and induce regression of malignant glioma in vivo , 2002, Nature Medicine.

[104]  S. Belinsky,et al.  17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin synergistically potentiates tumor necrosis factor-induced lung cancer cell death by blocking the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. , 2006, Cancer research.

[105]  K. Schooley,et al.  Human Dendritic Cells Mediate Cellular Apoptosis via Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (Trail) , 1999, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[106]  M. Fiscella,et al.  HGS-ETR1, a fully human TRAIL-receptor 1 monoclonal antibody, induces cell death in multiple tumour types in vitro and in vivo , 2005, British Journal of Cancer.

[107]  Xuetao Cao,et al.  Involvement of tumour necrosis factor‐α‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand in enhanced cytotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated dendritic cells to activated T cells , 2002, Immunology.

[108]  E. Khavkin,et al.  Mapped genomic locations for developmental functions and QTLs reflect concerted groups in maize (Zea mays L.) , 1997, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[109]  M. Won,et al.  Complestatin prevents apoptotic cell death: inhibition of a mitochondrial caspase pathway through AKT/PKB activation. , 2004, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[110]  S. Shankar,et al.  Ionizing radiation enhances the therapeutic potential of TRAIL in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo: Intracellular mechanisms , 2004, The Prostate.

[111]  S. Marsters,et al.  Induction of Apoptosis by Apo-2 Ligand, a New Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Cytokine Family* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[112]  Thomas Mitchell-Olds,et al.  Evolutionary dynamics of an Arabidopsis insect resistance quantitative trait locus , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[113]  A. Gurney,et al.  A novel receptor for Apo2L/TRAIL contains a truncated death domain , 1997, Current Biology.

[114]  Kazuyuki Doi,et al.  Ehd1, a B-type response regulator in rice, confers short-day promotion of flowering and controls FT-like gene expression independently of Hd1. , 2004, Genes & development.

[115]  Yong J. Lee,et al.  TRAIL apoptosis is enhanced by quercetin through Akt dephosphorylation , 2007, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[116]  T L Chenevert,et al.  Combined effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and ionizing radiation in breast cancer therapy. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[117]  T. Sayers,et al.  Induction of Tumor-specific T Cell Immunity by Anti-DR5 Antibody Therapy , 2004, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[118]  Y. Yoo,et al.  Antitumor Activity of TRAIL Recombinant Adenovirus in Human Malignant Glioma Cells , 2005, Journal of Korean medical science.

[119]  Cécile Viboud,et al.  Multinational impact of the 1968 Hong Kong influenza pandemic: evidence for a smoldering pandemic. , 2005, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[120]  B. Gliniak,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand's antitumor activity in vivo is enhanced by the chemotherapeutic agent CPT-11. , 1999, Cancer research.

[121]  L. Cardon,et al.  Association study designs for complex diseases , 2001, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[122]  S. Ray,et al.  S-phase checkpoints regulate Apo2 ligand/TRAIL and CPT-11–induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells , 2007, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[123]  S. Henikoff,et al.  Efficient discovery of DNA polymorphisms in natural populations by Ecotilling. , 2004, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[124]  Andreas Untergasser,et al.  Preclinical Differentiation between Apparently Safe and Potentially Hepatotoxic Applications of TRAIL Either Alone or in Combination with Chemotherapeutic Drugs , 2006, Clinical Cancer Research.

[125]  Michael T. Fisher,et al.  Molecular determinants of response to TRAIL in killing of normal and cancer cells. , 2000, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[126]  Afshin Samali,et al.  TRAIL sensitisation by arsenic trioxide is caspase-8 dependent and involves modulation of death receptor components and Akt , 2006, British Journal of Cancer.

[127]  L. Andĕra,et al.  Newly established tumourigenic primary human colon cancer cell lines are sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo , 2007, British Journal of Cancer.

[128]  M. Andreeff,et al.  Activity of selective fully human agonistic antibodies to the TRAIL death receptors TRAIL‐R1 and TRAIL‐R2 in primary and cultured lymphoma cells: induction of apoptosis and enhancement of doxorubicin‐ and bortezomib‐induced cell death , 2005, British journal of haematology.

[129]  I. Pollack,et al.  Direct stimulation of apoptotic signaling by soluble Apo2l/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand leads to selective killing of glioma cells. , 2001, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[130]  T. Okanoue,et al.  Soluble TRAIL gene and actinomycin D synergistically suppressed multiple metastasis of TRAIL-resistant colon cancer in the liver. , 2007, Cancer letters.

[131]  E. Henson,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) up-regulates death receptor 5 (DR5) mediated by NFκB activation in epithelial derived cell lines , 2002, Apoptosis.

[132]  H. Leung,et al.  Tagging quantitative loci controlling pathogenicity in Magnaporthe grisea by insertional mutagenesis , 2002 .

[133]  S. Toyooka,et al.  Aberrant methylation of trail decoy receptor genes is frequent in multiple tumor types , 2004, International journal of cancer.

[134]  T. C. Nesbitt,et al.  fw2.2: a quantitative trait locus key to the evolution of tomato fruit size. , 2000, Science.

[135]  R. Schwabe,et al.  TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis requires NF‐kB inhibition and the mitochondrial permeability transition in human hepatoma cells , 2002 .

[136]  K. Mather Variation and selection of polygenic characters , 2008, Journal of Genetics.

[137]  A. Levy,et al.  Transcriptional activation of retrotransposons alters the expression of adjacent genes in wheat , 2003, Nature Genetics.

[138]  J. Herman,et al.  Tumor-specific down-regulation of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand decoy receptors DcR1 and DcR2 is associated with dense promoter hypermethylation. , 2002, Cancer research.

[139]  J. Cleveland,et al.  Histone deacetylase inhibitors enhance lexatumumab-induced apoptosis via a p21Cip1-dependent decrease in survivin levels. , 2007, Cancer research.

[140]  R. Zeillinger,et al.  Contribution of Epigenetic Silencing of Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand Receptor 1 (DR4) to TRAIL Resistance and Ovarian Cancer , 2005, Molecular Cancer Research.

[141]  K. Okumura,et al.  Type I Interferons (IFNs) Regulate Tumor Necrosis Factor–related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Expression on Human T Cells: A Novel Mechanism for the Antitumor Effects of  Type I IFNs , 1999, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[142]  S. Shankar,et al.  Synergistic interactions of chemotherapeutic drugs and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/Apo-2 ligand on apoptosis and on regression of breast carcinoma in vivo. , 2003, Cancer research.

[143]  W. El-Deiry,et al.  Death Domain Mutagenesis of KILLER/DR5 Reveals Residues Critical for Apoptotic Signaling* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[144]  M. Manns,et al.  Telomerase-dependent virotherapy overcomes resistance of hepatocellular carcinomas against chemotherapy and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand by elimination of Mcl-1. , 2005, Cancer research.

[145]  M. Sporn,et al.  Synthetic triterpenoids activate a pathway for apoptosis in AML cells involving downregulation of FLIP and sensitization to TRAIL , 2003, Leukemia.

[146]  K. Tyler,et al.  Reovirus-Induced Apoptosis Is Mediated by TRAIL , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[147]  B. Hylander,et al.  Multiple mechanisms underlie resistance of leukemia cells to Apo2 Ligand/TRAIL , 2006, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[148]  Lifen Gao,et al.  Hepatitis B Virus Sensitizes Hepatocytes to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through Bax1 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[149]  S. Tanksley,et al.  Advanced backcross QTL analysis: a method for the simultaneous discovery and transfer of valuable QTLs from unadapted germplasm into elite breeding lines , 1996, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[150]  M. Zivy,et al.  Genetics of proteome variation for QTL characterization: application to drought-stress responses in maize , 1999 .

[151]  S. Curley,et al.  Antitumor activity and bystander effects of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene. , 2001, Cancer research.

[152]  Peter M. Waterhouse,et al.  Exploring plant genomes by RNA-induced gene silencing , 2003, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[153]  J. Tschopp,et al.  Induction of TNF Receptor I-Mediated Apoptosis via Two Sequential Signaling Complexes , 2003, Cell.

[154]  N. Mitsiades,et al.  Ewing's sarcoma family tumors are sensitive to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and express death receptor 4 and death receptor 5. , 2001, Cancer research.

[155]  C. Belka,et al.  Combined treatment of colorectal tumours with agonistic TRAIL receptor antibodies HGS-ETR1 and HGS-ETR2 and radiotherapy: enhanced effects in vitro and dose-dependent growth delay in vivo , 2006, Oncogene.

[156]  Rachel B. Brem,et al.  The landscape of genetic complexity across 5,700 gene expression traits in yeast. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[157]  Tae-Jin Lee,et al.  Acquired TRAIL resistance in human breast cancer cells are caused by the sustained cFLIP(L) and XIAP protein levels and ERK activation. , 2006, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[158]  Henning Walczak,et al.  TRAIL‐R2: a novel apoptosis‐mediating receptor for TRAIL , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[159]  S. Salvi,et al.  Validation and characterization of a major QTL affecting leaf ABA concentration in maize , 2005, Molecular Breeding.

[160]  P. Secchiero,et al.  Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand sequentially activates pro‐survival and pro‐apoptotic pathways in SK‐N‐MC neuronal cells , 2003, Journal of neurochemistry.

[161]  M. Smyth,et al.  Cutting Edge: TRAIL Deficiency Accelerates Hematological Malignancies1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[162]  P. Richardson,et al.  TRAIL/Apo2L ligand selectively induces apoptosis and overcomes drug resistance in multiple myeloma: therapeutic applications. , 2001, Blood.

[163]  K. Selmaj,et al.  TRAIL‐induced death of human adult oligodendrocytes is mediated by JNK pathway , 2006, Glia.

[164]  J. Vose,et al.  Results of a Phase 2 Trial of HGS-ETR1 (Agonistic Human Monoclonal Antibody to TRAIL Receptor 1) in Subjects with Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). , 2005 .

[165]  Trudy F C Mackay,et al.  The genetic architecture of quantitative traits: lessons from Drosophila. , 2004, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[166]  D. Pental,et al.  Molecular tagging of erucic acid trait in oilseed mustard (Brassica juncea) by QTL mapping and single nucleotide polymorphisms in FAE1 gene , 2004, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[167]  K. Okumura,et al.  Involvement of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in human CD4+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[168]  M. Smyth,et al.  Increased Susceptibility to Tumor Initiation and Metastasis in TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand-Deficient Mice1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[169]  V. Cryns,et al.  Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Agonists Promote TRAIL-induced Apoptosis by Reducing Survivin Levels via Cyclin D3 Repression and Cell Cycle Arrest* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[170]  K. D. Patterson,et al.  Pandemic influenza, 1700-1900 : a study in historical epidemiology , 1986 .

[171]  S. Kaeppler,et al.  Tissue culture-induced DNA methylation variation in maize. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[172]  B. Bonavida,et al.  X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) blocks Apo2 ligand/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis of prostate cancer cells in the presence of mitochondrial activation: sensitization by overexpression of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct IAP-bi , 2002, Molecular cancer therapeutics.

[173]  Emad S. Alnemri,et al.  Temperature-sensitive Differential Affinity of TRAIL for Its Receptors , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[174]  S. Tanksley,et al.  A new class of regulatory genes underlying the cause of pear-shaped tomato fruit , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[175]  G. An,et al.  Gene tagging in rice: a high throughput system for functional genomics. , 2001, Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology.

[176]  L. Kruglyak,et al.  Genetic Dissection of Transcriptional Regulation in Budding Yeast , 2002, Science.

[177]  John Calvin Reed,et al.  FLIP protein and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. , 2004, Vitamins and hormones.

[178]  D. McCarty,et al.  Molecular analysis of high-copy insertion sites in maize. , 2004, Nucleic acids research.

[179]  N. Andrews,et al.  Original Contribution Investigation of the Temporal Association of Guillain-Barré Syndrome With Influenza Vaccine and Influenzalike Illness Using the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database , 2009 .

[180]  J. Burrow A History of Histories: Epics, Chronicles, Romances and Inquiries from Herodotus and Thucydides to the Twentieth Century , 2007 .

[181]  M. Smyth,et al.  Critical Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor–related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand in Immune Surveillance Against Tumor Development , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[182]  T. Sayers,et al.  Combining proteasome inhibition with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) for cancer therapy , 2005, Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.

[183]  H. Joo,et al.  Expression of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) receptors in cervical cancer. , 2000, International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society.

[184]  F. Martinon,et al.  Activation of a pro‐apoptotic amplification loop through inhibition of NF‐κB‐dependent survival signals by caspase‐mediated inactivation of RIP , 2000, FEBS letters.

[185]  W. Stremmel,et al.  Enhanced caspase-8 recruitment to and activation at the DISC is critical for sensitisation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by chemotherapeutic drugs , 2004, Cell Death and Differentiation.

[186]  P. Hersey,et al.  The histone deacetylase inhibitor suberic bishydroxamate: a potential sensitizer of melanoma to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis. , 2003, Biochemical pharmacology.

[187]  Robin Foà,et al.  TRAIL decoy receptors mediate resistance of acute myeloid leukemia cells to TRAIL. , 2005, Haematologica.

[188]  J. Bruner,et al.  TRAIL-induced apoptosis in gliomas is enhanced by Akt-inhibition and is independent of JNK activation , 2005, Apoptosis.

[189]  J. Partanen,et al.  c‐Myc primed mitochondria determine cellular sensitivity to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis , 2007, The EMBO journal.

[190]  S. S. Strom,et al.  Differential hepatocyte toxicity of recombinant Apo2L/TRAIL versions , 2001, Nature Medicine.

[191]  M. Shin,et al.  Somatic mutations of TRAIL-receptor 1 and TRAIL-receptor 2 genes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma , 2001, Oncogene.

[192]  C. Voelkel-Johnson An Antibody Against DR4 (TRAIL-R1) in Combination with Doxorubicin Selectively Kills Malignant but not Normal Prostate Cells , 2003, Cancer biology & therapy.

[193]  H. Hollema,et al.  Expression of TRAIL (TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand) and its receptors in normal colonic mucosa, adenomas, and carcinomas , 2003, The Journal of pathology.

[194]  H. Friess,et al.  The antiapoptotic decoy receptor TRID/TRAIL-R3 is a p53-regulated DNA damage-inducible gene that is overexpressed in primary tumors of the gastrointestinal tract , 1999, Oncogene.

[195]  D. Zamir Improving plant breeding with exotic genetic libraries , 2001, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[196]  H. Koeppen,et al.  Isotype-Dependent Inhibition of Tumor Growth In Vivo by Monoclonal Antibodies to Death Receptor 4 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[197]  P. Hersey,et al.  Differential Localization and Regulation of Death and Decoy Receptors for TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) in Human Melanoma Cells1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[198]  A. Younes,et al.  Emerging Applications of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Family of Ligands and Receptors in Cancer Therapy , 2003 .

[199]  T. Shiraishi,et al.  Tunicamycin enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. , 2005, Cancer research.

[200]  Karen Billeci,et al.  Receptor-selective Mutants of Apoptosis-inducing Ligand 2/Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand Reveal a Greater Contribution of Death Receptor (DR) 5 than DR4 to Apoptosis Signaling* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[201]  J. Nadeau,et al.  Finding Genes That Underlie Complex Traits , 2002, Science.

[202]  C. Calatozzolo,et al.  In vitro effects of topotecan and ionizing radiation on TRAIL/Apo2L-mediated apoptosis in malignant glioma , 2004, Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

[203]  M. Fiscella,et al.  Monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) induces apoptosis in primary renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. , 2006, International journal of oncology.

[204]  Wafik S El-Deiry,et al.  Suppression of caspase-8- and -10-associated RING proteins results in sensitization to death ligands and inhibition of tumor cell growth. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[205]  Yeon-Woo Ryu,et al.  Homomeric and heteromeric interactions of the extracellular domains of death receptors and death decoy receptors. , 2005, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[206]  Y. Mizutani,et al.  Gene therapy with TRAIL against renal cell carcinoma , 2006, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[207]  Ronald W. Lewis,et al.  Sensitization of TRAIL–resistant cells by inhibition of heat shock protein 90 with low-dose geldanamycin , 2006, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[208]  R. Schmidt Synteny: recent advances and future prospects. , 2000, Current opinion in plant biology.

[209]  T. Whiteside,et al.  Innate Direct Anticancer Effector Function of Human Immature Dendritic Cells. II. Role of TNF, Lymphotoxin-α1β2, Fas Ligand, and TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[210]  M Koornneef,et al.  Naturally occurring variation in Arabidopsis: an underexploited resource for plant genetics. , 2000, Trends in plant science.

[211]  P. Hersey,et al.  Mechanisms of resistance of normal cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis vary between different cell types , 2000, FEBS letters.

[212]  B. Vandenbunder,et al.  Rel/NF-κB Transcription Factors Protect against Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-induced Apoptosis by Up-regulating the TRAIL Decoy Receptor DcR1* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[213]  T. Sayers,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis is an important endogenous mechanism for resistance to liver metastases in murine renal cancer. , 2003, Cancer research.

[214]  H. Hollema,et al.  Tissue Distribution of the Death Ligand TRAIL and Its Receptors , 2004, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[215]  R. Mauricio Mapping quantitative trait loci in plants: uses and caveats for evolutionary biology , 2001, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[216]  M. Biffoni,et al.  A small molecule Smac mimic potentiates TRAIL-mediated cell death of ovarian cancer cells. , 2007, Gynecologic oncology.

[217]  C. Hardtke,et al.  Natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis identifies BREVIS RADIX , a novel regulator of cell proliferation and elongation in the root , 2004 .