Synthesis of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon as Adsorbent for Pb2+ and NO3-

The adsorption efficiency and selectivity of activated carbon as an adsorbent for ions can be improved. One way is to convert activated carbon into surfactant modified activated carbon (SMAC). The surfactants used in this study were the anionic surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). This research aims to synthesize SMAC to obtain a material with a surface charge and absorb ions better than activated carbon. This research consisted of four stages. The first step was the carbonization of rice husks using a pyrolysis reactor at 400°C for 1 hour. The second stage was carbon activation using 30% ZnCl 2 and microwave radiation for 5 minutes and 400 W. The third stage was the modification of activated carbon and characterization by FTIR, SEM, SAA. The fourth stage was the adsorption of Pb cations and nitrate anions by carbon, activated carbon, and SMAC. Several variables were applied, such as the type of surfactant, time, and method of modification. There are three ways of modification: (1) method A, in which activated carbon is brought into contact with SLS then HDTMA-Br. (2) Method B in which activated carbon was contacted with HDTMA-Br then SLS. (3) Method C in which activated carbon was brought into contact with SLS together with HDTMA-Br. All variables were investigated. The results showed that the optimum time for making SMAC for both surfactants was 4 hours, the optimum concentrations of SLS and HDTMA-Br were 60 and 300 ppm, respectively. SMAC made by the C method was the most effective at adsorbing Pb 2+ and NO 3 - with adsorption capacities of 1.376 and 0.896 mg/g, respectively. The success of SMAC synthesis was evidenced by the S=O and (CH 3 ) 3 N + groups in the FTIR spectra. The SMAC surface area is smaller than activated carbon, 14.472 m 2 /g, but the surface morphology is smoother and more homogeneous.

[1]  Y. Astuti,et al.  Activation of carbon from rice husk using chemical activating agents and physical treatments as sodium lauryl sulfate adsorbent , 2020 .

[2]  K. A. Salam.  Assessment of Surfactant Modified Activated Carbon for Improving Water Quality , 2019, Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences.

[3]  M. Belmedani,et al.  Performance of surfactant‐modified activated carbon prepared from dates wastes for nitrate removal from aqueous solutions , 2018, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy.

[4]  P. Laksono.  PEMANFAATAN ZEOLIT ALAM TERMODIFIKASI SURFAKTAN HDTMA-Br (HEXADECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ANION NITRAT (NO3-) , 2018, Orbital: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia.

[5]  I. Onwuka.  Effectiveness of Coconut Shellactivated Carbon Filtermaterial Produced Under Various Carbonization and Activation Conditions , 2018 .

[6]  Miran Lee,et al.  Anionic surfactant modification of activated carbon for enhancing adsorption of ammonium ion from aqueous solution. , 2018, The Science of the total environment.

[7]  A. Hursthouse,et al.  Gemini surfactant-modified activated carbon for remediation of hexavalent chromium from water , 2018 .

[8]  M. Mazarji,et al.  Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution using modified granular activated carbon , 2017 .

[9]  Y. Astuti,et al.  The influence of activating agents on the performance of rice husk-based carbon for sodium lauryl sulfate and chrome (Cr) metal adsorptions , 2017 .

[10]  H. Demiral,et al.  Production and characterization of activated carbons from pumpkin seed shell by chemical activation with ZnCl2 , 2016 .

[11]  Wei Zhao,et al.  Effect of ZnCl2 impregnation concentration on the microstructure and electrical performance of ramie-based activated carbon hollow fiber , 2016, Ionics.

[12]  B. C. Meikap,et al.  Preparation of Activated Carbon from Green Coconut Shell and itsCharacterization , 2015 .

[13]  R. Fazaeli,et al.  Monolayer and multilayer adsorption isotherm models for sorption from aqueous media , 2015, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering.

[14]  M. Küçük,et al.  Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from pine cone by microwave-induced ZnCl2 activation and its effects on the adsorption of methylene blue , 2014, Cellulose.

[15]  Jaegeun Lee,et al.  Microwave heating of carbon-based solid materials , 2014 .

[16]  A. T. Mursito,et al.  Peningkatan Daya Serap Karbon Aktif Terhadap Ion Logam Hexavalent Chromium (CrVI) Melalui Modifikasi Dengan Cationic Surfactant (Ethylinediamine) , 2013 .

[17]  C. E. Gimba,et al.  Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by chemical activation. , 2013 .

[18]  Z. Hashisho,et al.  Fast preparation of activated carbon from oil sands coke using microwave-assisted activation , 2012 .

[19]  Ji-won Yang,et al.  Removal of Bromate (BrO− 3) from Water using Cationic Surfactant-Modified Powdered Activated Carbon (SM-PAC) , 2012 .

[20]  P. D. de Wild,et al.  Biomass pyrolysis for chemicals , 2011 .

[21]  P. Wild.  Biomass pyrolysis for chemicals , 2011 .

[22]  K. Gunasekaran,et al.  Mechanical and bond properties of coconut shell concrete , 2011 .

[23]  D. Çuhadaroğlu,et al.  Production and characterization of activated carbon from a bituminous coal by chemical activation , 2008 .

[24]  F. Rodríguez-Reinoso,et al.  Adsorption of methane into ZnCl2-activated carbon derived discs , 2004 .

[25]  Alothman.  Preparation of Activated Carbon Using the Copyrolysis of Agricultural and Municipal Solid Wastes at a Low Carbonization Temperature , 2022 .