An Implemented Model of Punning Riddles

In this paper, we discuss a model of simple question-answer punning, implemented in a program, JAPE-1, which generates riddles from humour-independent lexical entries. The model uses two main types of structure: schemata, which determine the relationships between key words in a joke, and templates, which produce the surface form of the joke. JAPE-1 succeeds in generating pieces of text that are recognizably jokes, but some of them are not very good jokes. We mention some potential improvements and extensions, including post—production heuristics for ordering the jokes according to quality.