EEG feature extraction and pattern classification based on motor imagery in brain-computer interface

Accurate classification of left and right hand motor imagery of EEG is an important issue in brain-computer interface (BCI). Here, discrete wavelet transform was firstly applied to extract the features of left and right hand motor imagery in EEG. Secondly, Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis was used with two different threshold calculation methods and obtained good misclassification rate. We also used Support Vector Machine to compare the performance with Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis. The final classification results showed that false classification rate by Support Vector Machine was the lowest and gained a ideal classification results.

[1]  E. Sellers,et al.  How many people are able to control a P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI)? , 2009, Neuroscience Letters.

[2]  Dipak Laha,et al.  Handbook of Computational Intelligence in Manufacturing and Production Management , 2007 .

[3]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Assistive technology and robotic control using motor cortex ensemble‐based neural interface systems in humans with tetraplegia , 2007, The Journal of physiology.

[4]  Aleksandra Vuckovic,et al.  Non-invasive BCI: How far can we get with motor imagination? , 2009, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[5]  Nuri Firat Ince,et al.  Classification of single trial motor imagery EEG recordings with subject adapted non-dyadic arbitrary time–frequency tilings , 2006, Journal of neural engineering.

[6]  H. Flor,et al.  A spelling device for the paralysed , 1999, Nature.

[7]  Dan A. Simovici,et al.  Entropy Quad-Trees for High Complexity Regions Detection , 2011, Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intell..

[8]  Jun Peng,et al.  Image Retrieval based on HSV Feature and Regional Shannon Entropy , 2012, Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intell..

[9]  C. Braun,et al.  A review on directional information in neural signals for brain-machine interfaces , 2009, Journal of Physiology-Paris.

[10]  D.J. McFarland,et al.  Sensorimotor rhythm-based brain-computer interface (BCI): feature selection by regression improves performance , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[11]  Tarek Helmy,et al.  Adaptive Ensemble Multi-Agent Based Intrusion Detection Model , 2010 .

[12]  Dennis J. McFarland,et al.  Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control , 2002, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[13]  Tianyong Hao,et al.  Toward Automatic Answers in User-Interactive Question Answering Systems , 2011, Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intell..

[14]  Gerhard Friehs,et al.  Initial Surgical Experience with an Intracortical Microelectrode Array for Brain-computer Interface Applications: 881 , 2006, Neurosurgery.

[15]  Han-Jeong Hwang,et al.  Neurofeedback-based motor imagery training for brain–computer interface (BCI) , 2009, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[16]  Klaus-Robert Müller,et al.  Neurophysiological predictor of SMR-based BCI performance , 2010, NeuroImage.

[17]  F. Jolesz,et al.  Brain–machine interface via real-time fMRI: Preliminary study on thought-controlled robotic arm , 2009, Neuroscience Letters.

[18]  Philippe Renevey,et al.  SVM-based recursive feature elimination to compare phase synchronization computed from broadband and narrowband EEG signals in Brain-Computer Interfaces , 2005, Signal Process..

[19]  Yuanqing Li,et al.  An EEG-Based BCI System for 2-D Cursor Control by Combining Mu/Beta Rhythm and P300 Potential , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[20]  M. Jeannerod,et al.  Mental imaging of motor activity in humans , 1999, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[21]  E. Donchin,et al.  A P300-based brain–computer interface: Initial tests by ALS patients , 2006, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[22]  Nello Cristianini,et al.  An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-based Learning Methods , 2000 .

[23]  Jih Pin Yeh,et al.  Optimal reduction of solutions for support vector machines , 2009, Appl. Math. Comput..

[24]  Robi Polikar,et al.  Comparative multiresolution wavelet analysis of ERP spectral bands using an ensemble of classifiers approach for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease , 2007, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

[25]  Shuang Liang,et al.  Cognitive Garment Panel Design Based on BSG Representation and Matching , 2012, Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intell..

[26]  Leigh R. Hochberg,et al.  Initial Surgical Experience with an Intracortical Microelectrode Array for Brain-computer Interface Applications: 881 , 2006 .

[27]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Self-Paced Operation of an SSVEP-Based Orthosis With and Without an Imagery-Based “Brain Switch:” A Feasibility Study Towards a Hybrid BCI , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[28]  J. R. Wolpaw,et al.  Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs): Detection instead of classification , 2008, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[29]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Rapid prototyping of an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[30]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  EEG-based neuroprosthesis control: A step towards clinical practice , 2005, Neuroscience Letters.

[31]  P. Plouin BS18 Important EEG patterns in the neonate , 2006, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[32]  Bin He,et al.  Classification of motor imagery by means of cortical current density estimation and Von Neumann entropy , 2007, Journal of neural engineering.

[33]  Zhongming Liu,et al.  An enhanced time-frequency-spatial approach for motor imagery classification , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[34]  Gert Pfurtscheller,et al.  Motor imagery and direct brain-computer communication , 2001, Proc. IEEE.

[35]  N. Birbaumer,et al.  A brain–computer interface tool to assess cognitive functions in completely paralyzed patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , 2008, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[36]  Chia-Hung Wei,et al.  Machine Learning Techniques for Adaptive Multimedia Retrieval: Technologies Applications and Perspectives , 2011 .

[37]  Corinna Cortes,et al.  Support-Vector Networks , 1995, Machine Learning.

[38]  Onder Aydemir,et al.  A polynomial fitting and k-NN based approach for improving classification of motor imagery BCI data , 2010, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[39]  Yingxu Wang,et al.  The Formal Design Models of Tree Architectures and Behaviors , 2011, Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intell..

[40]  Cuntai Guan,et al.  Temporal classification of multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy signals of motor imagery for developing a brain–computer interface , 2007, NeuroImage.

[41]  A. Berthoz,et al.  Mental representations of movements. Brain potentials associated with imagination of eye movements , 1999, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[42]  C.W. Anderson,et al.  Comparison of linear, nonlinear, and feature selection methods for EEG signal classification , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[43]  N. Ramsey,et al.  Towards human BCI applications based on cognitive brain systems: an investigation of neural signals recorded from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[44]  Jun Peng,et al.  A Fig-Based Method for Prediction Alumina Concentration , 2012, Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intell..

[45]  E. W. Sellers,et al.  Toward enhanced P300 speller performance , 2008, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[46]  Touradj Ebrahimi,et al.  An efficient P300-based brain–computer interface for disabled subjects , 2008, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[47]  J. Donoghue,et al.  Brain–Machine and Brain–Computer Interfaces , 2004, Stroke.