Analysis and Control of Power–Temperature Dynamics in Heterogeneous Multiprocessors

Virtually, all electronic systems try to optimize a fundamental tradeoff between higher performance and lower power consumption. The latter becomes critical in mobile computing systems, such as smartphones, which rely on passive cooling. Otherwise, the heat concentrated in a small area drives both the junction and skin temperatures up. High junction temperatures degrade the reliability, while skin temperature deteriorates the user experience. Therefore, there is a strong need for a formal analysis of power consumption-temperature dynamics and predictive thermal management algorithms. This article presents a theoretical power–temperature analysis of multiprocessor systems that are modeled as multi-input multi-output dynamic systems. We analyze the conditions under which the system converges to a stable steady-state temperature. Then, we use these models to design a control algorithm that manages the temperature of the system without affecting the performance of the application. Experiments on the Odroid-XU3 board show that the control algorithm is able to regulate the temperature with a minimal loss in performance compared with the default thermal governors.

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