Caregivers’ attitudes toward potential robot coworkers in elder care

Technological advances in robotics increase progressively. Elder care is one of the work areas which have potential to involve robotic workforce. So, it is important to focus on interaction between humans and potential robot workers to prepare the organization for possible challenges. The current study examined the relationships between trust in robots and anthropomorphism of robots, intention to work with robots and preference of automation levels. For this purpose, 102 caregivers who work for elder care in a nursing home (aged between 19 and 40) participated in an experimental study. According to the results, anthropomorphism of robots did not make any difference in terms of trust in them. Trust in robots was significantly related to intention to work and preference of automation levels. Organizations may consider employees’ trust in robots as an important factor before adapting them to workplace area.

[1]  Raja Parasuraman,et al.  Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse , 1997, Hum. Factors.

[2]  S. Jacobzone,et al.  Coping with aging: international challenges. , 2000, Health affairs.

[3]  J. Cacioppo,et al.  On seeing human: a three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. , 2007, Psychological review.

[4]  R. Pak,et al.  Investigating Older Adults’ Trust, Causal Attributions, and Perception of Capabilities in Robots as a Function of Robot Appearance, Task, and Reliability , 2015 .

[5]  Bonnie M. Muir,et al.  Trust Between Humans and Machines, and the Design of Decision Aids , 1987, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[6]  J. Oulton,et al.  The Global Nursing Shortage: An Overview of Issues and Actions , 2006, Policy, politics & nursing practice.

[7]  R. Spier Trust as a necessary attitude in learning and research , 2013 .

[8]  D. Jolly,et al.  Trust between man and machine in a teleoperation system , 1996 .

[9]  Richard Pak,et al.  Decision support aids with anthropomorphic characteristics influence trust and performance in younger and older adults , 2012, Ergonomics.

[10]  Dana Kulic,et al.  Measurement Instruments for the Anthropomorphism, Animacy, Likeability, Perceived Intelligence, and Perceived Safety of Robots , 2009, Int. J. Soc. Robotics.

[11]  Richard J. Holden,et al.  Automation and adaptation: nurses’ problem-solving behavior following the implementation of bar-coded medication administration technology , 2012, Cognition, Technology & Work.

[12]  Matthew K. O. Lee,et al.  A Trust Model for Consumer Internet Shopping , 2001, Int. J. Electron. Commer..

[13]  Qianli Xu,et al.  Personality of social robots perceived through the appearance. , 2012, Work.

[14]  Li Gong,et al.  How social is social responses to computers? The function of the degree of anthropomorphism in computer representations , 2008, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[15]  Ho Seok Ahn,et al.  Entertainment services of a healthcare robot system for older people in private and public spaces , 2015, 2015 6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA).

[16]  John D. Lee,et al.  Trust in Automation: Designing for Appropriate Reliance , 2004 .

[17]  Gert Jan Gelderblom,et al.  Robotics for healthcare: Final report , 2008 .

[18]  Karl F. MacDorman,et al.  The Uncanny Valley [From the Field] , 2012, IEEE Robotics Autom. Mag..

[19]  John M. Lockhart,et al.  Automation and Supervisory Control: A Perspective on Human Performance, Training, and Performance Aiding , 1993 .

[20]  Andrea Everard,et al.  How Presentation Flaws Affect Perceived Site Quality, Trust, and Intention to Purchase from an Online Store , 2005, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[21]  Fred D. Davis Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology , 1989, MIS Q..

[22]  Colin G. Drury,et al.  Foundations for an Empirically Determined Scale of Trust in Automated Systems , 2000 .

[23]  Waiman Cheung,et al.  Determinants of the intention to use Internet/WWW at work: a confirmatory study , 2001, Inf. Manag..

[24]  Lina Zhou,et al.  Patients' Behavioral Intention toward Using Healthcare Robots , 2013, AMCIS.

[25]  Christopher D. Wickens,et al.  A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation , 2000, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A.

[26]  Myungsuk Kim,et al.  The Usage and Evaluation of Anthropomorphic Form in Robot Design , 2009 .

[27]  Maja J. Mataric,et al.  Using Socially Assistive Human–Robot Interaction to Motivate Physical Exercise for Older Adults , 2012, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[28]  Brian R. Duffy,et al.  Anthropomorphism and Robotics , 2022 .

[29]  Elizabeth Broadbent,et al.  Suitability of healthcare robots for a dementia unit and suggested improvements. , 2013, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.

[30]  M. Bazerman,et al.  When perspective taking increases taking: reactive egoism in social interaction. , 2006, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[31]  A. Jiménez-Zarco,et al.  Determinants of the Intention to Use Teledermatology: Evidence From Dermatologists and Primary Care Physicians , 2019, JMIR Dermatology.

[32]  N. Moray,et al.  Trust in automation. Part II. Experimental studies of trust and human intervention in a process control simulation. , 1996, Ergonomics.

[33]  Kristin E. Schaefer,et al.  The Perception And Measurement Of Human-robot Trust , 2013 .

[34]  John D. Lee,et al.  Trust, self-confidence and supervisory control in a process control simulation , 1991, Conference Proceedings 1991 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[35]  Sylvain Piechowiak,et al.  A shared workspace to support man–machine reasoning: application to cooperative distant diagnosis , 2003, Cognition, Technology & Work.

[36]  Regina A. Pomranky,et al.  The role of trust in automation reliance , 2003, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[37]  Brian R. Duffy,et al.  Anthropomorphism and the social robot , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[38]  Richard Pak,et al.  How Does Anthropomorphism Affect User’s Trust, Compliance, and Performance On a Decision Making Automation Task? , 2011 .

[39]  Karsten Berns,et al.  Use of an Autonomous Mobile Robot for Elderly Care , 2010, 2010 Advanced Technologies for Enhancing Quality of Life.

[40]  Lars Hertzberg,et al.  On the attitude of trust , 1988 .

[41]  Mark W. Scerbo,et al.  Theoretical Perspectives on Adaptive Automation , 2019, Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems.

[42]  Eva Wiese,et al.  Effects of Perspective Taking on Ratings of Human Likeness and Trust , 2015, ICSR.

[43]  Thomas Bak,et al.  Practical evaluation of robots for elderly in Denmark — an overview , 2010, 2010 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).

[44]  K. Jones Trust as an Affective Attitude , 1996, Ethics.

[45]  Roderick S Hooker,et al.  Gaps in the supply of physicians, advance practice nurses, and physician assistants. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[46]  N. Epley,et al.  The mind in the machine: Anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle , 2014 .

[47]  Douglas A. Wiegmann,et al.  Automation Failures on Tasks Easily Performed by Operators Undermines Trust in Automated Aids , 2003 .

[48]  Wendy A. Rogers,et al.  Why Some Humanoid Faces Are Perceived More Positively Than Others: Effects of Human-Likeness and Task , 2014, International Journal of Social Robotics.

[49]  Thomas B. Sheridan,et al.  Humans and Automation: System Design and Research Issues , 2002 .

[50]  Katsumi Watanabe,et al.  The influence of robot appearance on assessment , 2013, 2013 8th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).

[51]  Sarah N. Woods,et al.  Exploring the design space of robots: Children's perspectives , 2006, Interact. Comput..

[52]  N Moray,et al.  Trust, control strategies and allocation of function in human-machine systems. , 1992, Ergonomics.

[53]  Raja Parasuraman,et al.  Performance Consequences of Automation-Induced 'Complacency' , 1993 .

[54]  Mary L. Cummings,et al.  Paying Attention to the Man behind the Curtain , 2011, IEEE Pervasive Computing.

[55]  Sang-Chul Lee,et al.  Determinants of behavioral intention to mobile banking , 2009, Expert Syst. Appl..

[56]  W. Kim,et al.  The effects of perceived justice on recovery satisfaction, trust, word-of-mouth, and revisit intention in upscale hotels. , 2009 .

[57]  Joelle Pineau,et al.  Towards robotic assistants in nursing homes: Challenges and results , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[58]  Francesco Ferrari,et al.  Blurring Human–Machine Distinctions: Anthropomorphic Appearance in Social Robots as a Threat to Human Distinctiveness , 2016, International Journal of Social Robotics.

[59]  Karin Laumann,et al.  A study of a technological development process: Human factors—the forgotten factors? , 2016, Cognition, Technology & Work.

[60]  R. Fazio Multiple Processes by which Attitudes Guide Behavior: The Mode Model as an Integrative Framework , 1990 .

[61]  Mica R. Endsley,et al.  Towards a New Paradigm for Automation: Designing for Situation Awareness , 1995 .

[62]  N. Moray,et al.  Adaptive automation, trust, and self-confidence in fault management of time-critical tasks. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.