Offshore Facilities and Pipeline Installation Methods

A descriptive outline of the major offshore production facilities, which act as the termination points of flowlines that bring in hydrocarbons from offshore wells, is provided in this chapter. The needs of such operations have generated a unique new engineering discipline called offshore engineering, which has pulled ideas and people from most of the traditional engineering disciplines, such as petroleum engineering, ocean engineering, naval and marine engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and aeronautical engineering. The installation of pipelines often generates complex loading conditions that can influence their design. The development of offshore fields usually involves the construction of a structure at a central location that acts as the gathering and control center for several wells that can be miles away. Although there are many different designs of fixed platforms, they can be placed in three broad categories: gravity platforms, jacket platforms, and compliant towers.

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