Quantum dense coding and quantum teleportation

In Chap. 2 it was shown how quantum entanglement can be used to distribute secret keys. In this chapter we will address other primitives of quantum communication employing entanglement. Section 3.2 describes “Quantum Dense Coding” which is a way to transmit two bits of information through the manipulation of only one of two entangled particles, each of which individually can carry only 1 bit of information [73]. The “Quantum Teleportation” scheme as originally proposed by Bennett, Brassard, Crepeau, Jozsa, Peres, and Wootters [74] is explained in Sect. 3.3. The basic idea of quantum teleportation is to transfer the state of a quantum system to another quantum system at a distant location.