Effects of High-Speed Tunnel Noise on Laminar-Turbulent Transition

It is well known that the high levels of noise present in conventional hypersonic ground-test facilities cause transition to occur earlier than in e ight. Flight measurements of incoming noise are reviewed and compared with measurements in ground-test facilities, of both conventional and quiet design, at hypersonic and high supersonic speeds. The low noise present in e ight is apparently the reason for the very large transition Reynolds numbers sometimes measured in e ight, when roughness, crosse ow, and other factors are controlled. Design will usually involve consideration of the trend in transition when a parameter is varied. The effect of facility noise on these trends is reviewed. In some cases, the trend of conventional-tunnel data is opposite to the trend in quiet-tunnel data. Thus, transition measurements in conventional ground-test facilities are not reliable predictors of e ight performance, except perhaps in special cases.

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