What kinds of things cause children’s reading difficulties?

The first part of this paper explains the distinction between proximal and distal causes of developmental disorders of cognition, with special reference to developmental disorders of reading. A number of different proximal causes of developmental disorders of reading have been identified. These correspond to a number of different patterns of developmental reading impairments – a number of “types of developmental dyslexia”, if you like – which are described in the second part of the paper. These patterns are interpreted in relation to a specific information-processing model of the cognitive system for reading. How each pattern is diagnosed, and how each might be treated, is discussed.

[1]  S. Kohnen,et al.  Sight Word and Phonics Training in Children With Dyslexia , 2015, Journal of learning disabilities.

[2]  S. Kohnen,et al.  Replicability of sight word training and phonics training in poor readers: a randomised controlled trial , 2015, PeerJ.

[3]  Lyndsey Nickels,et al.  Orthographic learning in developmental surface and phonological dyslexia , 2015, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[4]  Sung Hee Lee,et al.  Word and nonword processing without meaning support in Korean-speaking children with and without hyperlexia , 2015 .

[5]  J. Hanley,et al.  Surface developmental dyslexia is as prevalent as phonological dyslexia when appropriate control groups are employed , 2015, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[6]  N. Friedmann,et al.  What Can Reduce Letter Migrations in Letter Position Dyslexia , 2014 .

[7]  S. Kohnen,et al.  The locus of impairment in English developmental letter position dyslexia , 2014, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[8]  E. Grigorenko,et al.  The Dyslexia Debate , 2014 .

[9]  A. Young,et al.  Human Cognitive Neuropsychology , 2013 .

[10]  Genevieve McArthur,et al.  A Test of Everyday Reading Comprehension (TERC) , 2013 .

[11]  Genevieve McArthur,et al.  When ‘slime’ becomes ‘smile’: Developmental letter position dyslexia in English , 2012, Neuropsychologia.

[12]  Naama Friedmann,et al.  Developmental attentional dyslexia , 2010, Cortex.

[13]  M. Prior,et al.  Developmental dissociations between lexical reading and comprehension: Evidence from two cases of hyperlexia , 2010, Cortex.

[14]  Naama Friedmann,et al.  Developmental surface dyslexias , 2008, Cortex.

[15]  M. Coltheart,et al.  Severe developmental letter-processing impairment: A treatment case study , 2006, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[16]  N. Friedmann,et al.  Developmental Neglect Dyslexia in a Hebrew-Reading Child , 2004, Cortex.

[17]  M. Coltheart,et al.  Treatment of lexical processing in mixed dyslexia: A case study , 2002 .

[18]  M. Stuart.  Getting ready for reading: Early phoneme awareness and phonics teaching improves reading and spelling in inner‐city second language learners , 1999 .

[19]  Anne Castles,et al.  Cognitive Correlates of Developmental Surface Dyslexia: A Single Case Study. , 1996, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[20]  D. Howard,et al.  Developmental Phonological Dyslexia: Real Word Reading Can Be Completely Normal , 1996 .