Frames of reference in unilateral neglect and visual perception: a computational perspective.

Neurological patients with unilateral neglect fail to orient and respond to stimuli on one side, typically the left. A key research issue is whether neglect is exhibited with respect to the left side of the viewer or of objects. When deficits in attentional allocation depend not merely on an object's location with respect to the viewer but on the object's intrinsic extent, shape, or movement, researchers have inferred that attention must be operating in an object-based frame of reference. Simulations of a view-based connectionist model of spatial attention prove that this inference is not logically necessary: Object-based attentional effects can be obtained without object-based frames. The model thus explains away troublesome phenomena for view-based theories of object recognition.

[1]  D. LaBerge.  Spatial extent of attention to letters and words. , 1983, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[2]  Jon Driver,et al.  Object-Centered Visual Neglect, or Relative Egocentric Neglect? , 2000, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[3]  S. Ullman.  Visual routines , 1984, Cognition.

[4]  D. V. van Essen,et al.  A neurobiological model of visual attention and invariant pattern recognition based on dynamic routing of information , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[5]  S. Tipper,et al.  Object-based attentional mechanisms: Evidence from patients with unilateral neglect. , 1994 .

[6]  J. Hummel.  Reference Frames and Relations in Computational Models of Object Recognition , 1994 .

[7]  G. Sperling.  Binocular Vision: A Physical and a Neural Theory , 1970 .

[8]  P. Carpenter,et al.  Frames of reference for allocating attention to space: Evidence from the neglect syndrome , 1990, Neuropsychologia.

[9]  T Poggio,et al.  View-based models of 3D object recognition: invariance to imaging transformations. , 1995, Cerebral cortex.

[10]  F. Attneave.  Triangles as ambiguous figures. , 1968, The American journal of psychology.

[11]  Keiji Tanaka,et al.  Inferotemporal cortex and object vision. , 1996, Annual review of neuroscience.

[12]  Kunihiko Fukushima,et al.  Neocognitron: A new algorithm for pattern recognition tolerant of deformations and shifts in position , 1982, Pattern Recognit..

[13]  M. Tarr,et al.  When does Human Object Recognition use a Viewer-Centered Reference Frame? , 1990 .

[14]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  The appeal of parallel distributed processing , 1986 .

[15]  Michael C. Mozer,et al.  Perception of multiple objects - a connectionist approach , 1991, Neural network modeling and connectionism.

[16]  Isabel Gauthier,et al.  Three-dimensional object recognition is viewpoint dependent , 1998, Nature Neuroscience.

[17]  Irvin Rock,et al.  Orientation and form , 1974 .

[18]  Irving Biederman,et al.  One-shot viewpoint invariance in matching novel objects , 1999, Vision Research.

[19]  John R. Anderson.  The Adaptive Character of Thought , 1990 .

[20]  J. Duncan.  Selective attention and the organization of visual information. , 1984, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[21]  Ernst Mach,et al.  The Analysis of Sensations. , 1916 .

[22]  J. Hummel,et al.  An architecture for rapid, hierarchical structural description , 1996 .

[23]  T. Poggio,et al.  Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex , 1999, Nature Neuroscience.

[24]  Richard S. Zemel,et al.  Learning to Segment Images Using Dynamic Feature Binding , 1991, Neural Computation.

[25]  T J Sejnowski,et al.  A new view of hemineglect based on the response properties of parietal neurones. , 1997, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[26]  S. Tipper,et al.  Object-centered not scene-based visual neglect. , 1996, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[27]  D. Levine,et al.  Left visual spatial neglect is both environment‐centered and body‐centered , 1987, Neurology.

[28]  M. Jeannerod.  Neurophysiological and neuropsychological aspects of spatial neglect. , 1987 .

[29]  S. Palmer.  What makes triangles point: Local and global effects in configurations of ambiguous triangles , 1980, Cognitive Psychology.

[30]  David Beymer,et al.  Face recognition under varying pose , 1994, 1994 Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[31]  A connectionist model of hemispheric interaction in unilateral visuospatial neglect , 1995 .

[32]  Heinrich H Bülthoff,et al.  Image-based object recognition in man, monkey and machine , 1998, Cognition.

[33]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Shape Recognition and Illusory Conjunctions , 1985, IJCAI.

[34]  M. Farah,et al.  Object-Based Attention in Visual Neglect: Conceptual and Empirical Distinctions , 1997 .

[35]  Allen M. Waxman,et al.  Learning Aspect Graph Representations from View Sequences , 1989, NIPS.

[36]  K Tanaka,et al.  Neuronal mechanisms of object recognition. , 1993, Science.

[37]  M. Farah,et al.  Viewer-Centered and Object-Centered Representations in the Recognition of Naturalistic Line Drawings , 1991 .

[38]  W. Kintsch.  The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: a construction-integration model. , 1988, Psychological review.

[39]  Alfonso Caramazza,et al.  Levels of representation, co-ordinate frames, and unilateral neglect , 1990 .

[40]  Geoffrey E. Hinton.  A Parallel Computation that Assigns Canonical Object-Based Frames of Reference , 1981, IJCAI.

[41]  Daphna Weinshall,et al.  A self-organizing multiple-view representation of 3D objects , 2004, Biological Cybernetics.

[42]  M. Kinsbourne.  Mechanisms of Unilateral Neglect , 1987 .

[43]  Glyn W. Humphreys,et al.  Attention to within-object and between-object spatial representations: multiple sites for visual selection , 1994 .

[44]  N. Logothetis,et al.  Psychophysical and physiological evidence for viewer-centered object representations in the primate. , 1995, Cerebral cortex.

[45]  Carl R Olson,et al.  Brain representation of object-centered space , 1996, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[46]  M. Farah,et al.  Does visual attention select objects or locations? , 1994, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[47]  E. Rolls,et al.  INVARIANT FACE AND OBJECT RECOGNITION IN THE VISUAL SYSTEM , 1997, Progress in Neurobiology.

[48]  K. Jeffery,et al.  The Hippocampal and Parietal Foundations of Spatial Cognition , 1999 .

[49]  Michael C. Mozer,et al.  Computational modeling of spatial attention , 1996 .

[50]  Richard J. Beninger,et al.  The Hippocampal and Parietal Foundations of Spatial Cognition , 2001 .

[51]  Marcia Grabowecky,et al.  Preattentive Processes Guide Visual Search: Evidence from Patients with Unilateral Visual Neglect , 1993, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[52]  Michael C. Mozer,et al.  A Principle for Unsupervised Hierarchical Decomposition of Visual Scenes , 1998, NIPS.

[53]  Alexandre Pouget,et al.  Neural Basis of Object-Centered Representations , 1997, NIPS.

[54]  H H Bülthoff,et al.  How are three-dimensional objects represented in the brain? , 1994, Cerebral cortex.

[55]  M Behrmann,et al.  Attention accesses multiple reference frames: evidence from visual neglect. , 1999, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[56]  R. Rafal,et al.  Shifting visual attention between objects and locations: evidence from normal and parietal lesion subjects. , 1994, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[57]  A. Caramazza,et al.  Spatially Specific Deficits in Processing Graphemic Representations in Reading and Writing , 1995, Brain and Language.

[58]  I. Biederman,et al.  Recognizing depth-rotated objects: evidence and conditions for three-dimensional viewpoint invariance. , 1993, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[59]  M. Tarr.  Rotating objects to recognize them: A case study on the role of viewpoint dependency in the recognition of three-dimensional objects , 1995, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[60]  Glyn W. Humphreys Dietmar Heinke,et al.  Spatial Representation and Selection in the Brain: Neuropsychological and Computational Constraints , 1998 .

[61]  T. Poggio,et al.  A network that learns to recognize three-dimensional objects , 1990, Nature.

[62]  T J Sejnowski,et al.  Frames of reference in hemineglect: a computational approach. , 1999, Progress in brain research.

[63]  Heinrich H. Bülthoff,et al.  Image-based object recognition in man and machines , 2001 .

[64]  S. Ullman.  Aligning pictorial descriptions: An approach to object recognition , 1989, Cognition.

[65]  S. Grossberg,et al.  Contrast-sensitive perceptual grouping and object-based attention in the laminar circuits of primary visual cortex , 2000, Vision Research.

[66]  Jon Driver,et al.  Egocentric and object-based visual neglect , 1998 .

[67]  Michael J. Tarr.  Is human object recognition better described by geon structural description or by multiple views , 1995 .

[68]  Martin Arguin,et al.  Evidence for an Independent Stimuluscentered Spatial Reference Frame from a Case of Visual Hemineglect , 1993, Cortex.

[69]  S. Pinker,et al.  Visual cognition : An introduction * , 1989 .

[70]  Irving Biederman,et al.  Viewpoint-Dependent Mechanisms in Visual Object Recognition : Reply to Tarr and Biilthoff ( 1995 ) , 2004 .

[71]  Refractor.  Vision , 2000, The Lancet.

[72]  J. Driver,et al.  Can Visual Neglect Operate in Object-centred Co-ordinates? An Affirmative Single-case Study , 1991 .

[73]  I. Biederman.  Recognition-by-components: a theory of human image understanding. , 1987, Psychological review.

[74]  W. D. Ross,et al.  A Neural Theory of Attentive Visual Search : Interactions of Boundary , Surface , Spatial , and Object Representations By : Stephen Grossberg , 2004 .

[75]  Morris Moscovitch,et al.  Object-Centered Neglect in Patients with Unilateral Neglect: Effects of Left-Right Coordinates of Objects , 1994, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[76]  S. Edelman,et al.  Orientation dependence in the recognition of familiar and novel views of three-dimensional objects , 1992, Vision Research.

[77]  R. Rafal,et al.  Axis-based neglect of visual shapes , 1994, Neuropsychologia.

[78]  C R Olson,et al.  Object-centered direction selectivity in the macaque supplementary eye field , 1995, Science.

[79]  D I Perrett,et al.  Visual Recognition Based on Temporal Cortex Cells: Viewer-Centred Processing of Pattern Configuration , 1998, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences.

[80]  D H Hubel,et al.  Brain mechanisms of vision. , 1979, Scientific American.

[81]  Lawrence D. Jackel,et al.  Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition , 1989, Neural Computation.

[82]  Alfonso Caramazza,et al.  Spatial representation of words in the brain implied by studies of a unilateral neglect patient , 1990, Nature.

[83]  Laurel J Buxbaum,et al.  Mental rotation may underlie apparent object-based neglect , 1996, Neuropsychologia.

[84]  M J Tarr,et al.  Is human object recognition better described by geon structural descriptions or by multiple views? Comment on Biederman and Gerhardstein (1993). , 1995, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[85]  S Edelman,et al.  A model of visual recognition and categorization. , 1997, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[86]  M. Tarr.  News On Views: Pandemonium Revisited , 1999, Nature Neuroscience.

[87]  J. Marshall,et al.  Focal and global attention modulate the expression of visuo-spatial neglect: A case study , 1994, Neuropsychologia.

[88]  Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz,et al.  Object-Centered Attentional Biases in the Intact Brain , 1996, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[89]  S. Edelman,et al.  Computational Theories of Object Recognition Edelman -computation and Object Recognition Ii Box 1. Structural Descriptions ~ 7~ Recognition by Components Varieties of Alignment Multidimensional Histograms Approximation in Feature Space , 2022 .

[90]  K. Heilman,et al.  Neglect and Related Disorders , 1984, Seminars in neurology.

[91]  A. Neuren.  Visual Agnosia , 1991, Neurology.

[92]  David I. Perrett,et al.  Issues of representation in object vision , 1994 .

[93]  H H Bülthoff,et al.  Psychophysical support for a two-dimensional view interpolation theory of object recognition. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[94]  Donald W. Mathis,et al.  Conscious and unconscious perception: A computational theory , 1996 .

[95]  I. Biederman,et al.  Dynamic binding in a neural network for shape recognition. , 1992, Psychological review.

[96]  D. Stuss,et al.  Cognitive neuroscience. , 1993, Current opinion in neurobiology.

[97]  T. Sanocki,et al.  Major Axes as a Moderately Abstract Model for Object Recognition , 1995 .

[98]  M. Mozer,et al.  The End of the Line for a Brain-Damaged Model of Unilateral Neglect , 1997, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[99]  Glyn W. Humphreys,et al.  “Paradoxical neglect”: spatial representations, hemisphere-specific activation, and spatial cueing , 1995 .

[100]  Alfonso Caramazza,et al.  Mechanisms of Spatial Attention Revealed by Hemispatial Neglect , 1999, Cortex.

[101]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Machine Learning, Machine Vision, and the Brain , 1999, AI Mag..

[102]  Peter Thier,et al.  Parietal Lobe Contributions to Orientation in 3D Space , 1997 .

[103]  I Biederman,et al.  Neurocomputational bases of object and face recognition. , 1997, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[104]  G W Humphreys,et al.  Varieties of Object Constancy , 1989, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology.

[105]  John E. Hummel,et al.  Two Roles for Attention in Shape Perception: A Structural Description Model of Visual Scrutiny , 1998 .