Multi-dimensional input techniques and articulated figure positioning by multiple constraints

A six degree-of-freedom input device presents some novel possibilities for manipulating and positioning three-dimensional objects. Some experiments in using such a device in conjunction with a real-time display are described. A particular problem which arises in positioning an articulated figure is the solution of three-dimensional kinematics subject to multiple joint position goals. A method using such an input device to interactively determine positions and a constraint satisfaction algorithm which simultaneously achieves those constraints is described. Examples which show the power and efficiency of this method for key-frame animation positioning are demonstrated.

[1]  Lawrence G. Roberts.  The Lincoln WAND , 1966, AFIPS '66 (Fall).

[2]  Ivan E. Sutherland,et al.  Twinkle box: a three-dimensional computer input device , 1974, AFIPS '74.

[3]  Guy Weinzapfel,et al.  One-point touch input of vector information for computer displays , 1978, SIGGRAPH '78.

[4]  James S. Lipscomb,et al.  Making nested rotations convenient for the user , 1978, SIGGRAPH.

[5]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Special problems in human movement simulation , 1980, SIGGRAPH '80.

[6]  J. O'Rourke,et al.  Model-based image analysis of human motion using constraint propagation , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[7]  R. Paul.  Robot manipulators : mathematics, programming, and control : the computer control of robot manipulators , 1981 .

[8]  James D. Foley,et al.  Fundamentals of interactive computer graphics , 1982 .

[9]  Zeltzer,et al.  Motor Control Techniques for Figure Animation , 1982, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[10]  Christopher Schmandt,et al.  Spatial input/display correspondence in a stereoscopic computer graphic work station , 1983, SIGGRAPH.

[11]  Richard H. Bartels,et al.  Interpolating splines with local tension, continuity, and bias control , 1984, SIGGRAPH.

[12]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Parametric keyframe interpolation incorporating kinetic adjustment and phrasing control , 1985, SIGGRAPH.

[13]  James U. Korein,et al.  A geometric investigation of reach , 1985 .

[14]  Anthony A. Maciejewski,et al.  Computational modeling for the computer animation of legged figures , 1985, SIGGRAPH.

[15]  Brian A. Barsky,et al.  Using dynamic analysis to animate articulated bodies such as humans and robots , 1985 .

[16]  J Wilhelms,et al.  Virya—a motion control editor for kinematic and dynamic animation , 1986 .

[17]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Articulated Figure Positioning by Multiple Constraints , 1987, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.