History of Cholera

What is cholera? How and where did it start? How did and does it spread? There is a lack of agreement about the early history of cholera. Confusion arose because it was difficult to define cholera precisely (which has a broad clinical spectrum) and to distinguish it from many other diseases associated with diarrhea and vomiting.

[1]  N. Howard-Jones,et al.  Choleranomalies: The Unhistory of Medicine as Exemplified by Cholera , 2015, Perspectives in biology and medicine.

[2]  C. Winslow Conquest of Epidemic Disease: A Chapter in the History of Ideas , 1967 .

[3]  T. Barrett,et al.  Epidemiological usefulness of changes in hemolytic activity of Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor during the seventh pandemic , 1981, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[4]  C. Winslow The Conquest Of Epidemic Disease , 1943 .

[5]  N. Howard-Jones Cholera nomenclature and nosology: a historical note. , 1974, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[6]  S. Selwyn Cholera Old and New , 1977, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

[7]  D. Barua The global epidemiology of cholera in recent years. , 1972, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

[8]  A. Rao,et al.  The Queensland cholera incident of 1977. 1. The index case. , 1980, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[9]  J. Wells,et al.  Persistence of cholera in the United States. , 1983, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[10]  S. De,et al.  An experimental study of the mechanism of action of Vibriod cholerae on the intestinal mucous membrane. , 1953, The Journal of pathology and bacteriology.

[11]  J. Snow On the Mode of Communication of Cholera , 1856, Edinburgh medical journal.

[12]  Carpenter Cc Treatment of cholera--tradition and authority versus science, reason, and humanity. , 1976 .

[13]  C. Creighton A History of Epidemics in Britain , 1895, Nature.

[14]  Garcia da Orta Colloquies on the Simples & Drugs of India , 1987 .

[15]  W. Greenough,et al.  Cholera in Africa: a message for the West. , 1975, Annals of internal medicine.

[16]  O. Felsenfeld,et al.  The cholera problem. , 1967 .

[17]  D. Ce Paracholera (E1 Tor): Enteritis choleriformis E1 Tor van Loghem. , 1949 .

[18]  A. Bourke,et al.  The Queensland cholera incident of 1977. 2. The epidemiological investigation. , 1980, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[19]  A. Bourke,et al.  Investigation of cholera acquired from the riverine environment in Queensland , 1986, The Medical journal of Australia.

[20]  P. Blake,et al.  Cholera in Portugal, 1974.I. Modes of transmission. , 1977, American journal of epidemiology.

[21]  A. A. Miles,et al.  Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunity , 1983 .

[22]  J. Hamburger Dictionnaire de médecine , 1982 .

[23]  S. Tanamal Notes on paracholera in Sulawesi (Celebes). , 1959, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[24]  A. Faruque,et al.  CLASSICAL VIBRIO CHOLERAE BIOTYPE DISPLACES EL TOR IN BANGLADESH , 1983, The Lancet.

[25]  J. Feeley,et al.  Cholera--a possible endemic focus in the United States. , 1980, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  R. Dubos Louis Pasteur, free lance of science , 1950 .

[27]  Dawson Am The conquest of cholera. , 1988 .

[28]  Alex Berman,et al.  THE CHOLERA YEARS , 1963 .

[29]  W. Campbell Modes of Transmission , 1983 .