Passive Films on Stainless Steels-Present State of Analysis and Understanding

1.1 表面キャラクタリゼーションの必要性 金属表面の機能と性能を議論するために表面の性質を 解明することを,表面キャラクタリゼーション (surface characterization) と言っている.表面の物性と状態が明 らかになれば,表面の機能とその性能を支配する因子が 明確になり,目的の性能を向上させるための改善が容易 になる.ステンレス鋼のように表面の不働態皮膜の性質 を利用している分野では,性能の向上に大きな進歩がも たらされることが期待される. 表面の機能を利用する材料のキャラクタリゼーション においては,化学組成,原子配列や構造,電子のエネル ギー状態,原子の運動状態などに関する情報が基本的に 必要とされる1), 2).そして,これらの情報が同時に非破 壊,非汚染,高感度,短時間に得られることが要求され る.特にステンレス鋼のように耐食機能と表面性状の関 係が問題とされる場合には,その機能が作動している状 態での表面性状について検討することが肝要であり,い わゆる in-situ (その場)測定が不可欠である.

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