Microscopic gel-liquid interfaces supported by hollow microneedle array for voltammetric drug detection

Abstract This report describes a method for integration of a gel–liquid interface in hollow microneedles compatible with minimally invasive, electrochemical detection of drugs in vivo. The electrochemical sensor was characterised using cyclic voltammetry with tetraethyl ammonium. The experimental work demonstrated the detection of propranolol as a representative drug in physiological buffer with the microneedle system. A calibration curve for propranolol was built from measurements with differential pulse stripping voltammetry, indicating a sensitivity of 43 nA μM−1, a limit of detection of 50 nM and a linear range between 50 and 200 nM.

[1]  Roger Narayan,et al.  Microneedle array-based carbon paste amperometric sensors and biosensors. , 2011, The Analyst.

[2]  Mark R Prausnitz,et al.  Minimally invasive extraction of dermal interstitial fluid for glucose monitoring using microneedles. , 2005, Diabetes technology & therapeutics.

[3]  M. Senda,et al.  Ion-transfer voltammetry at 1,6-dichlorohexane|water and 1,4-dichlorobutane|water interfaces. , 2004, Talanta.

[4]  P. van Damme,et al.  Safety and efficacy of a novel microneedle device for dose sparing intradermal influenza vaccination in healthy adults. , 2009, Vaccine.

[5]  News from ABC: Editorial board and features , 2012, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.

[6]  R. Rocha‐Filho,et al.  Square-wave voltammetric determination of propranolol and atenolol in pharmaceuticals using a boron-doped diamond electrode. , 2010, Talanta.

[7]  V. Beni,et al.  Stripping voltammetry at micro-interface arrays: a review. , 2013, Analytica chimica acta.

[8]  Eva Alvarez de Eulate,et al.  Detection of haemoglobin using an adsorption approach at a liquid–liquid microinterface array , 2013, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.

[9]  D. Arrigan.  Bioanalytical Detection Based on Electrochemistry at Interfaces between Immiscible Liquids , 2008 .

[10]  D. Arrigan,et al.  Ion-transfer voltammetry at silicon membrane-based arrays of micro-liquid-liquid interfaces. , 2007, Lab on a chip.

[11]  Tianyan You,et al.  Simultaneous analysis of six cardiovascular drugs by capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence detection, using a chemometrical optimization approach , 2011, Electrophoresis.

[12]  Micheál D. Scanlon,et al.  Electrochemical ion transfer across liquid/liquid interfaces confined within solid-state micropore arrays--simulations and experiments. , 2009, The Analyst.

[13]  Yixian Wang,et al.  Kinetic study of rapid transfer of tetraethylammonium at the 1,2-dichloroethane/water interface by nanopipet voltammetry of common ions. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  O. Guenat,et al.  Addressable Microelectrode Arrays: Characterization by Imaging with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy , 2004 .

[15]  Ronen Polsky,et al.  Multiplexed microneedle-based biosensor array for characterization of metabolic acidosis. , 2012, Talanta.

[16]  J. Oliveira,et al.  Amperometric glucose biosensor based on assisted ion transfer through gel-supported microinterfaces. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[17]  S. Hill,et al.  Evolution of β-blockers: from anti-anginal drugs to ligand-directed signalling , 2011, Trends in pharmacological sciences.

[18]  D. Arrigan,et al.  Assessment of ion transfer amperometry at liquid–liquid interfaces for detection in CE , 2009, Electrophoresis.

[19]  Joshua Ray Windmiller,et al.  Wearable electrochemical sensors for in situ analysis in marine environments. , 2011, The Analyst.

[20]  D. Arrigan,et al.  Optimisation of the conditions for stripping voltammetric analysis at liquid–liquid interfaces supported at micropore arrays: a computational simulation , 2010, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[21]  C. Hibert,et al.  Silicon microneedle electrode array with temperature monitoring for electroporation , 2005 .

[22]  Y. Shao,et al.  Electrochemistry at micro- and nanoscopic liquid/liquid interfaces. , 2011, Chemical Society reviews.

[23]  Philip J Stout,et al.  A novel approach to mitigating the physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose measurements. , 2004, Diabetes technology & therapeutics.

[24]  H. Girault,et al.  Amperometric ion detector for ion chromatography , 1998 .

[25]  D. Arrigan,et al.  Ion-transfer voltammetric behavior of protein digests at liquid/liquid interfaces. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[26]  R. Pereiro,et al.  Reusable phosphorescent probes based on molecularly imprinted polymers for the determination of propranolol in urine , 2012 .

[27]  I. Benjamin.  Molecular structure and dynamics at liquid-liquid interfaces. , 1997, Annual review of physical chemistry.

[28]  Trevor J. Davies,et al.  The cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry of regular and random arrays of microdisc electrodes: Theory , 2005 .

[29]  Mihaela Ghita,et al.  Cyclic and pulse voltammetric study of dopamine at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[30]  H. Girault.  Charge Transfer across Liquid—Liquid Interfaces , 1993 .

[31]  K. Kontturi,et al.  Influence of the presence of a gel in the water phase on the electrochemical transfer of ionic forms of beta-blockers across a large water 1,2-dichloroethane interface. , 2003, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[32]  Micheál D. Scanlon,et al.  Electrochemical detection of oligopeptides at silicon-fabricated micro-liquid/liquid interfaces. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[33]  D. Arrigan,et al.  Ion-transfer voltammetric determination of the beta-blocker propranolol in a physiological matrix at silicon membrane-based liquid|liquid microinterface arrays. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[34]  C. Banks,et al.  Regular arrays of microdisc electrodes: simulation quantifies the fraction of 'dead' electrodes. , 2006, The Analyst.

[35]  D. Shand,et al.  Plasma Propranolol Levels in the Quantitative Assessment of β-adrenergic Blockade in Man , 1970, British medical journal.

[36]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Portable electrochemical systems , 2002 .

[37]  D. Barrow,et al.  Microfabricated silicon microneedles for nonviral cutaneous gene delivery , 2004, The British journal of dermatology.

[38]  Multiparameter Fiber Optic Sensor for the Assessment of Intramyocardial Perfusion , 2004, Journal of cardiac surgery.

[39]  S. Amemiya,et al.  Facilitated protamine transfer at polarized water/1,2-dichloroethane interfaces studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry at micropipet electrodes. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[40]  Mark R Prausnitz,et al.  Microneedles permit transdermal delivery of a skin-impermeant medication to humans , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[41]  Z. Samec,et al.  Charge Transfer Kinetics at Water‐Organic Solvent Phase Boundaries , 1995 .

[42]  Micheál D. Scanlon,et al.  Ion-transfer electrochemistry at arrays of nanointerfaces between immiscible electrolyte solutions confined within silicon nitride nanopore membranes. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[43]  S. D. Collins,et al.  Microneedle array for transdermal biological fluid extraction and in situ analysis , 2004 .