Histopathological Spectrum of Thyroid Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Original Research Article Background: Thyroid gland has been subject of intense research and considerable attention due to the vast array of developmental, inflammatory, hyperplastic, immunologic and neoplastic disorders which affect the gland. Disorders of thyroid comprise a group of commonly encountered endocrinological disease. Objective: To study the hisopathological spectrum of thyroid lesions and their relationship with age and sex over a 2 year period. Material and methods: All thyroidectomy specimens (n=59) received in histopathology section of the Department of Histopathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad from June 2016 to May 2018 were included. Results: In this study, a total of 59 thyroidectomy specimens were studied. There was a clear female preponderance noted with a ratio of female to male as 4.9:1 and maximum number of cases were in 4 th decade (18/59,30.51%) of age. Hemithyroidectomy was the most commonly performed surgery i.e. in 32/59 cases (54.24%).Non-neoplastic lesions constituted 33/59 cases (55.93%) and Neoplastic lesions constituted 26/59 (44.07%).The most common non-neoplastic lesion was Nodular Colloid Goiter (28/59 cases, 47.46 %)., Maximum number of cases of Nodular colloid Goiter were observed in the age group of 4150 yrs and had female preponderance of 3:1. Among benign neoplasms, the common was Follicular adenoma accounting for 13/14 cases (92.86%).Among Malignant neoplasms (n=12), the most common was papillary carcinoma accounting for 05/12 cases (41.67 %). Conclusion: Results from this study showed that variety of thyroid lesions are observed in thyroidectomy specimens. Most common lesion observed was nodular colloid goiter followed by follicular adenoma. Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent thyroid malignancy seen. Thyroid lesions are more common in females. The ultimate answer often rests with histopathological examination of thyroidectomies, which forms the mainstay for a definitive diagnosis.