Multi-color light-emitting transistors composed of organic single crystals

Abstract We report a novel concept for multi-color light emission from an ambipolar organic single-crystal transistor using natural optical waveguides, the self-absorption effect, Davydov splitting and the unique alignment of the transition dipole moments. We used 9,10-bis-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-anthracene single crystals to produce blue and green light from identical single-crystal transistors. We also observed red light, which corresponds to the emission from in-gap states that are caused by impurities. Importantly, each of these different colors corresponds to a distinguishable light polarization, which enables us to tune the emission color by using a light polarizer.

[1]  Chihaya Adachi,et al.  Ambipolar field-effect transistor of high photoluminescent material tetraphenylpyrene (TPPy) single crystal , 2007 .

[2]  Takeshi Yamao,et al.  High Mobility and Luminescent Efficiency in Organic Single‐Crystal Light‐Emitting Transistors , 2009 .

[3]  K. Tanigaki,et al.  Light emitting ambipolar field-effect transistors of 2,5-bis(4-biphenyl)bithiophene single crystals with anisotropic carrier mobilities , 2009 .

[4]  R. Capelli,et al.  Organic light-emitting transistors with an efficiency that outperforms the equivalent light-emitting diodes. , 2010, Nature materials.

[5]  N. S. Sariciftci,et al.  Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[6]  Alan J. Heeger,et al.  Light emission from an ambipolar semiconducting polymer field-effect transistor , 2005 .

[7]  Heinz von Seggern,et al.  A Color‐Tuneable Organic Light‐Emitting Transistor , 2010, Advanced materials.

[8]  C. Adachi,et al.  Blue-Light-Emitting Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistors Using an Organic Single Crystal of 1,4-Bis(4-methylstyryl)benzene , 2008 .

[9]  Yoshihiro Iwasa,et al.  Effect of metal electrodes on rubrene single-crystal transistors , 2007 .

[10]  Stephen R. Forrest,et al.  The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic appliances on plastic , 2004, Nature.

[11]  Richard H. Friend,et al.  Spatial control of the recombination zone in an ambipolar light-emitting organic transistor , 2006 .

[12]  Yoshihiro Iwasa,et al.  Ambipolar organic field-effect transistors based on rubrene single crystals , 2006 .

[13]  M. Muccini.  A bright future for organic field-effect transistors , 2006, Nature materials.

[14]  Tung Huei Ke,et al.  Single molecule color controllable light emitting organic field effect transistors for white light emission with high color stability , 2009 .

[15]  Chihaya Adachi,et al.  High current density in light-emitting transistors of organic single crystals. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[16]  Yoshiaki Oku,et al.  Estimation of carrier recombination and electroluminescence emission regions in organic light-emitting field-effect transistors using local doping method , 2006 .

[17]  S. Hotta,et al.  Energy Dispersions of Anisotropic Refractive Indices of Thiophene/Phenylene Co-Oligomer Crystals , 2011 .

[18]  S. Hotta,et al.  Laser oscillation in a highly anisotropic organic crystal with a refractive index of 4.0 , 2008 .

[19]  Yoshihiro Iwasa,et al.  Ambipolar Light‐Emitting Transistors of a Tetracene Single Crystal , 2007 .

[20]  Milan,et al.  Polarized superradiance from delocalized exciton transitions in tetracene single crystals , 2010, 1304.7958.

[21]  D. Pisignano,et al.  Exciton self-trapping in tetrafluoro-dimethyl-aminoacridine single crystals. , 2007, The Journal of chemical physics.

[22]  C. Melzer,et al.  Multiple colour emission from an organic light-emitting transistor , 2011 .

[23]  C. Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Organic Thin Film Transistors for Large Area Electronics , 2002 .

[24]  C. Adachi,et al.  p‐i‐n Homojunction in Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors , 2011, Advanced materials.

[25]  T. Takenobu,et al.  Effect of postannealing on the performance of pentacene single-crystal ambipolar transistors , 2008 .

[26]  S. Hotta,et al.  Green light emission from the edges of organic single-crystal transistors , 2010 .

[27]  Martin Dressel,et al.  Optical properties of pentacene thin films and single crystals , 2006 .

[28]  S. Hotta,et al.  Current‐Confinement Structure and Extremely High Current Density in Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors , 2012, Advanced materials.

[29]  Heinz von Seggern,et al.  Light-emitting field-effect transistor based on a tetracene thin film. , 2003, Physical review letters.