Multi-Valued Logics

It is almost a safe bet to assume that most students, after receiving the first rudiments of Boolean calculus, wonder: “Why not more than two truth-values?” This question is both natural and vague; attempts to give an answer originated a lot of logical systems. Because of the original vagueness, it is not surprising that the answers range over a wide spectrum of possibilities, and that the borders of the discipline are not clear. Up to now, no many-valued system has imposed as the system of many-valued logic. The situation is analogous to that occurring in—say—modal logic, and the sizes of the relative literatures can be compared.

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