Large eddy simulation of turbulence‐driven secondary flow in a square duct

The fully developed turbulent flow in a straight duct of square cross section has been simulated using the large eddy simulation (LES) technique. A mixed spectral‐finite difference method has been used in conjunction with the Smagorinsky eddy‐viscosity model for the subgrid scales. The simulation was performed for a Reynolds number of 360 based on friction velocity (5810 based on bulk velocity) and duct width. The simulation correctly predicted the existence of secondary flows and their effects on the mean flow and turbulence statistics. The results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data available at much higher Reynolds numbers. It is observed that both the Reynolds normal and shear stresses equally contribute to the production of mean streamwise vorticity.

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