Three-dimensional tracking with misalignment between display and control axes

Consideration is given to experiments for examining 3D pursuit tracking when operators of teleoperation simulations are faced with misalignment between the display and control frames of reference. It is concluded that manual 3D pursuit tracking errors produced by display-control rotational misalignments have two linearly separable components: a purely visual component and a visual-motor component. Both components may independently influence the tracking performance. Human subjects can simultaneously adapt to a variety of display-control misalignments if position control during pursuit tracking is used with a simulation update rate of at least 30 Hz. This capability will enable trained operators to quickly adapt to changes in the position and orientation of viewing cameras during teleoperation and telemanipulation.

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