Environmentally extended comparison table of large- versus small- and medium-scale fisheries: the case of the Peruvian anchoveta fleet

Literature on small-scale fisheries usually depicts them as preferable over large-scale-industrial fisheries regarding societal benefits (jobs, jobs per investment) and relative fuel efficiency (e.g., Thomson 1980). We propose an environmentally extended Thomson table for comparing the Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) fleets of purse seiners, backed up by method- ological information and augmented with life cycle assessment (LCA)-based environmental performance information, as a more comprehensive device for comparing fleets competing for the same resource pool. Findings from LCA and a previous study on the anchoveta steel fleet together allowed characterizing the whole Peruvian anchoveta fishery. These results, along with socio- economic indicators, are used to build an environmentally extended Thomson table of the fleet's main segments: the steel industrial, the wooden industrial, and the wooden small- and medium-scale (SMS) fleets. In contrast with the world figure, the Peruvian SMS fleets show a fuel performance nearly two times worse than the industrial fleets, due to economies of scale of the latter (although the small-scale segment itself (<10 m3) performs similarly to the industrial steel fleet). Furthermore, the absolute number of jobs provided by the industrial fisheries is much larger in Peru than those provided by the SMS fisheries. This is due to the relatively larger development of the industrial fishery, but as in previous studies, the SMS fleets generate more employ- ment per tonne landed than the industrial fleet, as well as more food fish and less discards at sea. Resume : La documentation sur les peches apetite echelle (artisanale) presente generalement ces dernieres comme etant preferables aux peches agrande echelle-industrielles en termes d'avantages pour la societe (emplois, emplois par rapport a ` l'investissement) et d'efficacite energetique (p. ex. Thomson 1980). Nous proposons un tableau de Thomson elargi pour y inclure une composante environnementale afin de comparer les flottes peruviennes de bateaux senneurs aanchois, appuye par de l'information methodologique et de l'information sur la performance environnementale reposant sur l'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV), comme instrument de comparaison plus exhaustif de flottes qui se font concurrence pour les memes reserves de ressources. Les resultats de l'ACV et d'une etude precedente sur la flotte de navires de peche al'anchois en acier ont permis de caracteriser toute la pecherie peruvienne al'anchois. Ces resultats, combines ades indicateurs socioeconomiques, sont utilises pour etablir un tableau de Thomson integrant une composante environnementale des principaux segments de la flotte : les flottes de navires industriels en acier, de navires industriels en bois et de bateaux de peche apetite et moyenne echelle (PME) en bois. Contraire- ment ace qui s'observe al'echelle mondiale, les flottes de PME peruviennes presentent une performance d'usage du carburant pres de deux fois pires que celle des flottes industrielles, en raison des economies d'echelle de ces dernieres (bien que la performance du segment de la peche apetite echelle (<10 m3) soit semblable acelle de la flotte industrielle de navires en acier). En outre, le nombre absolu d'emplois dans les peches industrielles au Perou est beaucoup plus eleve que celui d'emplois dans les peches PME, en raison du developpement relativement important des peches industrielles. Toutefois, comme l'ont constate des etudes anterieures, les flottes PME generent plus d'emplois par tonne debarquee, plus de poissons comestibles et moins de rejets en mer que la flotte industrielle. (Traduit par la Redaction)

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