Stochastic dynamic modeling of rain attenuation: A survey

Satellite communication systems (SCS) operating on frequency bands above 10GHz are sensitive to atmosphere physical phenomena, especially rain attenuation. To evaluate impairments in satellite performance, stochastic dynamic modeling (SDM) is considered as an effective way to predict real-time satellite channel fading caused by rain. This article carries out a survey of SDM using stochastic differential equations (SDEs) currently in the literature. Special attention is given to the different input characteristics of each model to satisfy specific local conditions. Future research directions in SDM are also suggested in this paper.