Stt4 PI 4-kinase localizes to the plasma membrane and functions in the Pkc1-mediated MAP kinase cascade.

Production of the essential phospholipid PI4P at the Golgi by the Pik1 kinase is required for protein secretion, while a distinct pool of PI4P generated by the Stt4 kinase is critical for normal actin cytoskeleton organization. We identify a transmembrane protein that stabilizes Stt4 at the plasma membrane where it directs synthesis of PI4P, which is required for activation of the Rho1/Pkc1-mediated MAP kinase cascade. Inactivation of Stt4 or the PI4P 5-kinase Mss4 results in mislocalization of the Rho-GTPase GEF Rom2. Rom2 binds PI4,5P(2) through its PH domain and represents the first identified effector in the Stt4-Mss4 pathway. Based on these results, we propose that Stt4-Mss4 generates PI4,5P(2) at the plasma membrane, required to recruit/activate effector proteins such as Rom2.

[1]  M. Foti,et al.  Distinct roles for the yeast phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, Stt4p and Pik1p, in secretion, cell growth, and organelle membrane dynamics. , 2000, Molecular biology of the cell.

[2]  J. Heinisch,et al.  The protein kinase C‐mediated MAP kinase pathway involved in the maintenance of cellular integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1999, Molecular microbiology.

[3]  M. Snyder,et al.  The Rho-GEF Rom2p localizes to sites of polarized cell growth and participates in cytoskeletal functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1997, Molecular biology of the cell.

[4]  P. Janmey,et al.  Controlling cytoskeleton structure by phosphoinositide-protein interactions: phosphoinositide binding protein domains and effects of lipid packing. , 1999, Chemistry and physics of lipids.

[5]  A. Lorberg,et al.  The PH domain of the yeast GEF Rom2p serves an essential function in vivo , 2001, Molecular Genetics and Genomics.

[6]  S. Emr,et al.  Compartmental organization of Golgi-specific protein modification and vacuolar protein sorting events defined in a yeast sec18 (NSF) mutant. , 1991 .

[7]  C. Mazzoni,et al.  The SLT2(MPK1) MAP kinase is activated during periods of polarized cell growth in yeast. , 1996, The EMBO journal.

[8]  E. Cabib,et al.  The Gtp-Binding Protein Rho1p Is Required for Cell Cycle Progression and Polarization of the Yeast Cell , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[9]  M. Foti,et al.  Sac1 lipid phosphatase and Stt4 phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase regulate a pool of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate that functions in the control of the actin cytoskeleton and vacuole morphology. , 2001, Molecular biology of the cell.

[10]  K. Takegawa,et al.  Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase encoded by yeast VPS34 gene essential for protein sorting. , 1993, Science.

[11]  Y. Anraku,et al.  Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-Kinase Localized on the Plasma Membrane Is Essential for Yeast Cell Morphogenesis* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[12]  H. Riezman,et al.  The END3 gene encodes a protein that is required for the internalization step of endocytosis and for actin cytoskeleton organization in yeast , 1994, Molecular biology of the cell.

[13]  M. Stark,et al.  Mutations in SPC110, encoding the yeast spindle pole body calmodulin-binding protein, cause defects in cell integrity as well as spindle formation. , 2000, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[14]  S. Emr,et al.  Phox domain interaction with PtdIns(3)P targets the Vam7 t-SNARE to vacuole membranes , 2001, Nature Cell Biology.

[15]  R. Schekman,et al.  Identification of 23 complementation groups required for post-translational events in the yeast secretory pathway , 1980, Cell.

[16]  J. Thorner,et al.  Direct Involvement of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate in Secretion in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae * , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[17]  B. Babior NADPH Oxidase: An Update , 1999 .

[18]  H. Riezman,et al.  Increased protein kinase or decreased PP2A activity bypasses sphingoid base requirement in endocytosis , 2000, The EMBO journal.

[19]  S. Emr,et al.  Phosphoinositide signaling and the regulation of membrane trafficking in yeast. , 2000, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[20]  D. E. Levin,et al.  Wsc1 and Mid2 Are Cell Surface Sensors for Cell Wall Integrity Signaling That Act through Rom2, a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor for Rho1 , 2001, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[21]  S. Emr,et al.  Signal-mediated retrieval of a membrane protein from the Golgi to the ER in yeast , 1994, The Journal of cell biology.

[22]  Scott D Emr,et al.  The AP-3 Adaptor Complex Is Essential for Cargo-Selective Transport to the Yeast Vacuole , 1997, Cell.

[23]  P. Novick,et al.  The yeast phosphatidylinositol-4-OH kinase Pik1 regulates secretion at the Golgi , 1999, Nature Cell Biology.

[24]  P. Parker,et al.  SAC1 Encodes a Regulated Lipid Phosphoinositide Phosphatase, Defects in Which Can Be Suppressed by the Homologous Inp52p and Inp53p Phosphatases* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[25]  J. Sambrook,et al.  Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual , 2001 .

[26]  L. Cantley,et al.  Subcellular Locations of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Isoforms* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[27]  Troy Ketela,et al.  Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mid2p Is a Potential Cell Wall Stress Sensor and Upstream Activator of thePKC1-MPK1 Cell Integrity Pathway , 1999, Journal of bacteriology.

[28]  D. Voelker,et al.  A Genetic Screen for Aminophospholipid Transport Mutants Identifies the Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase, Stt4p, as an Essential Component in Phosphatidylserine Metabolism* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[29]  D Botstein,et al.  Structure of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum: Localization of ER proteins using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy , 1991, Yeast.

[30]  George M. Church,et al.  Regulatory Networks Revealed by Transcriptional Profiling of Damaged Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells: Rpn4 Links Base Excision Repair with Proteasomes , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[32]  B. Jergil,et al.  Localization of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase isoenzymes in rat liver plasma membrane domains. , 2001, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[33]  J. Thorner,et al.  Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase: gene structure and requirement for yeast cell viability. , 1993, Science.

[34]  T F Martin,et al.  Phosphoinositide lipids as signaling molecules: common themes for signal transduction, cytoskeletal regulation, and membrane trafficking. , 1998, Annual review of cell and developmental biology.

[35]  S. Desrivières,et al.  MSS4, a Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-Kinase Required for Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae * , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[36]  L. Cantley,et al.  Pathways for phosphoinositide synthesis. , 1999, Chemistry and physics of lipids.

[37]  S. Emr,et al.  Yeast epsins contain an essential N‐terminal ENTH domain, bind clathrin and are required for endocytosis , 1999, The EMBO journal.

[38]  A. Luini,et al.  ARF mediates recruitment of PtdIns-4-OH kinase-β and stimulates synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 on the Golgi complex , 1999, Nature Cell Biology.

[39]  I. Herskowitz,et al.  A role for the Pkc1 MAP kinase pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in bud emergence and identification of a putative upstream regulator , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[40]  J. York,et al.  INP51, a Yeast Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase Required for Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Homeostasis and Whose Absence Confers a Cold-resistant Phenotype* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[41]  S. Emr,et al.  Location, Location, Location: Membrane Targeting Directed by PX Domains , 2001, Science.

[42]  S. Emr,et al.  The yeast synaptojanin-like proteins control the cellular distribution of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. , 2002, Molecular biology of the cell.

[43]  M. Aebi,et al.  New phenotype of mutations deficient in glucosylation of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide: cloning of the ALG8 locus. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[44]  S. Emr,et al.  Vam7p, a SNAP-25-Like Molecule, and Vam3p, a Syntaxin Homolog, Function Together in Yeast Vacuolar Protein Trafficking , 1998, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[45]  P. Hajduk,et al.  Pleckstrin homology domains bind to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate , 1994, Nature.

[46]  T Watanabe,et al.  Identification of Yeast Rho1p GTPase as a Regulatory Subunit of 1,3-β-Glucan Synthase , 1996, Science.

[47]  P. Philippsen,et al.  Additional modules for versatile and economical PCR‐based gene deletion and modification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1998, Yeast.

[48]  Marc Bickle,et al.  The Yeast Phosphatidylinositol Kinase Homolog TOR2 Activates RHO1 and RHO2 via the Exchange Factor ROM2 , 1997, Cell.

[49]  S. Emr,et al.  A membrane‐associated complex containing the Vps15 protein kinase and the Vps34 PI 3‐kinase is essential for protein sorting to the yeast lysosome‐like vacuole. , 1993, The EMBO journal.

[50]  Guang-Chao Chen,et al.  Rho1p, a Yeast Protein at the Interface Between Cell Polarization and Morphogenesis , 1996, Science.

[51]  J. Heitman,et al.  STT4 Is an Essential Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase That Is a Target of Wortmannin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae * , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[52]  Michael N. Hall,et al.  Cell Wall Stress Depolarizes Cell Growth via Hyperactivation of Rho1 , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[53]  M. Goebl,et al.  A novel gene, STT4, encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in the PKC1 protein kinase pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[54]  M. Molina,et al.  Regulatory Mechanisms for Modulation of Signaling through the Cell Integrity Slt2-mediated Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae * , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.