Evaluating quality of life in residential care buildings

One result of a policy in the UK of providing support for older people to remain in their own homes has been an increase in frailty in the residents of care homes, many of whom suffer from dementia. The importance of enabling these residents to enjoy a good quality of life is recognized. Results from two research projects show that the physical environment can affect a person's quality of life, but it is one of a number of interrelated factors. Design in Caring Environments (DICE) and INDEPENDENT, both funded by the EPSRC EQUAL programme, use different methods to examine the impact of design on quality of life. The tools and methods developed are discussed, as are the implications of the findings for policy and practice. The Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (SCEAM) is a method for recording the characteristics and use of a care home building. The effects of the building on well-being can be unpicked by a multilevel analysis of building data against measures of quality of life. Used in a study of care homes in Sheffield, UK, it gave some significant results: in homes where the safety of residents had high priority, the scope for pleasurable activities tended to be low; activity appeared to have a beneficial impact on well-being; people in larger homes tended to have a poorer quality of life; staff satisfaction and retention increased with the amount of training and tended to be high in more personalized settings; and most homes under-used the facilities available. INDEPENDENT developed technologies to enhance well-being based on a ‘wish list’ of favourite activities derived from consultations with users. The policy and practice implications of these findings are discussed. L'un des résultats de la politique conduite par le Royaume-Uni et visant à aider les personnes âgées à rester dans leur logement a été une augmentation de la fragilité des résidents des maisons de santé, dont nombreux souffrent de démence. On reconnaît qu'il est important de permettre à ces personnes de jouir d'une bonne qualité de vie. Selon les résultats de deux projets de recherche, l'environnement physique peut affecter la qualité de vie d'une personne, mais ce n'est que l'un parmi de nombreux facteurs interdépendants. Les programmes ‘Design in Caring Environments’ (DICE) et ‘INDEPENDENT’, tous deux financés par le programme EQUAL de l'EPSRC, utilisent différentes méthodes d'examen des incidences de la conception sur la qualité de vie. Cet article se penche sur les méthodes et outils développés et sur les implications des résultats sur la politique et la pratique. La Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (SCEAM) est une méthode d'enregistrement des caractéristiques et de l'utilisation des bâtiments des maisons de santé. L'effet des bâtiments sur le bien-être peut être expliqué par une analyse à niveaux multiples des données relatives aux bâtiments par rapport aux mesures de la qualité de vie. Cette méthode, utilisée par une étude portant sur des maisons de santé de Sheffield (Royaume-Uni), a donné quelques résultats intéressants: dans les maisons de santé où la sécurité des résidents constitue une priorité élevée, l'horizon des activités agréables a tendance à être limité; les activités semblent avoir un impact bénéficiaire sur le bien-être; les personnes résidant dans les maisons de santé les plus grandes ont tendance à avoir une qualité de vie plus médiocre; la satisfaction du personnel et sa stabilité dans l'emploi augmentent avec l'importance de la formation et ont tendance à être élevées dans des environnements plus personnalisés; enfin, la plupart de ces maisons sous-utilisent les moyens disponibles. Le Programme INDEPENDENT a mis au point des technologies visant à améliorer le bien-être en s'appuyant sur une liste de souhaits récapitulant les activités préférées et obtenue après consultation des utilisateurs. Cet article examine ensuite les implications politiques et pratiques de ces résultats. architecture, évaluation des bâtiments, démence, conception, personnes âgées, bien-être

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