The Forms of a Task and Their Blends

Movement is categorized according to its goal. Scratching is a movement in which force is exerted against a specific site on the body surface. Locomotion is a movement in which the center of mass of an organism is transferred from one location in space to another. Movement performed to accomplish a specific goal is termed a task. A task may be performed in each of several ways. A human can scratch a site on the side of the thorax with either the hand or the elbow. A human can step in a forward, lateral, or backward direction. Each particular way that a task is accomplished is termed a form of that task (Mortin et al., 1985, Robertson et al., 1985).

[1]  G. Romanes,et al.  The motor cell columns of the lumbo‐sacral spinal cord of the cat , 1951, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[2]  F. Horak,et al.  Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[3]  G. A. Robertson,et al.  Motor neuron synaptic potentials during fictive scratch reflex in turtle , 1982, Journal of comparative physiology.

[4]  G. A. Robertson,et al.  Three forms of the scratch reflex in the spinal turtle: central generation of motor patterns. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[5]  G. A. Robertson,et al.  Blends of rostral and caudal scratch reflex motor patterns elicited by simultaneous stimulation of two sites in the spinal turtle , 1986, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[6]  T. Ruigrok,et al.  The organization of motoneurons in the turtle lumbar spinal cord , 1984, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[7]  P. Stein.  The vertebrate scratch reflex. , 1983, Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology.

[8]  J. Halbertsma,et al.  Changes in leg movements and muscle activity with speed of locomotion and mode of progression in humans. , 1985, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[9]  F. Krasne,et al.  Adaptive Complexity of Interactions Between Feeding and Escape in Crayfish , 1983, Science.

[10]  P D Scott,et al.  Coupling of hip and knee movement during forwards and backwards stepping in man [proceedings]. , 1978, The Journal of physiology.

[11]  T. G. Deliagina,et al.  The Capacity for generation of rhythmic oscillations is distributed in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[12]  S. Grillner.  Control of Locomotion in Bipeds, Tetrapods, and Fish , 1981 .

[13]  L. Nashner,et al.  The organization of human postural movements: A formal basis and experimental synthesis , 1985, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[14]  S. Grillner,et al.  The adaptation to speed in human locomotion , 1979, Brain Research.

[15]  P. Stein,et al.  Three forms of the scratch reflex in the spinal turtle: movement analyses. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.