Fiber-based telecom-band degenerate-frequency source of entangled photon pairs.

We demonstrate the generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs of degenerate frequency for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in standard optical fiber using a novel dual-pump, counterpropagating configuration. Two-photon interference with >97% visibility is obtained. The purity of the photon source, as characterized by the ratio of coincidence to accidental-coincidence counts, is shown to be as high as 116 under suitable operating conditions.