EMC ’ 09 / Kyoto EMI Modeling for Cardiac Pacemaker in Human Body Communication

In this paper, we have proposed a two-step approach to model the electromagnetic (EM) interference voltage at implanted cardiac pacemaker. In the first step, we calculate the input voltage of the analogue sensing circuit of pacemaker using an EM field analysis tool by considering the pacemaker as a receiving antenna. In the second step, we employ a nonlinear operational amplifier model with Volterra series representation to predict the output voltage of the sensing circuit which consists of an amplifier and a low-pass filter. Comparison between the predicted result and the measured result in literature has shown the validity of the approach. Application of the approach to a user certification situation has demonstrated that the output voltage of the pacemaker sensing circuit is much smaller than the sensing threshold under usual signal intensity of on-body communications.