Permanence for a delayed periodic predator-prey model with prey dispersal in multi-patches and predator density-independent ✩

In this paper, we study two species time-delayed predator–prey Lotka–Volterra type dispersal systems with periodic coefficients, in which the prey species can disperse among n patches, while the density-independent predator species is confined to one of patches and cannot disperse. Sufficient conditions on the boundedness, permanence and existence of positive periodic solution for this systems are established. The theoretical results are confirmed by a special example and numerical simulations.

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