Causal nonresponse models for repeated categorical measurements.

This paper uses causal models for nonresponse (Fay, 1986, Journal of the American Statistical Association 81, 354-365) to extend the conditional likelihood procedure for repeated categorical outcome variables to allow for nonrandomly missing data. The extension based on causal models is similar to the log-linear approach presented by Conaway (1992, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87, 817-824), but has the advantage that the parameters are directly interpretable in terms of the distribution of the outcome variables. As with log-linear model approach, all of the computations can be done with standard statistical software. The methods are first described in terms of a simple example with three binary responses with no covariates and then are applied to a more complicated example. A simulation study evaluates the properties of the estimates based on the proposed method.

[1]  Erling B. Andersen,et al.  Discrete Statistical Models with Social Science Applications. , 1980 .

[2]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Characterizing the manifest probabilities of latent trait models , 1983 .

[3]  G G Koch,et al.  Linear model analysis of categorical data with incomplete response vectors. , 1972, Biometrics.

[4]  Timothy R. C. Read,et al.  Goodness-Of-Fit Statistics for Discrete Multivariate Data , 1988 .

[5]  G. Koch,et al.  Analysis of categorical data by linear models. , 1969, Biometrics.

[6]  Christopher Winship,et al.  Loglinear Models with Missing Data: A Latent Class Approach , 1989 .

[7]  D. Rubin,et al.  Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. , 1989 .

[8]  O. D. Duncan.  Testing Key Hypotheses in Panel Analysis , 1980 .

[9]  G G Koch,et al.  An application of multivariate ratio methods for the analysis of a longitudinal clinical trial with missing data. , 1978, Biometrics.

[10]  Tue Tjur,et al.  A Connection between Rasch's Item Analysis Model and a Multiplicative Poisson Model , 1982 .

[11]  Alan Agresti,et al.  A proportional odds model with subject-specific effects for repeated ordered categorical responses , 1993 .

[12]  R. Fay.  Causal Models for Patterns of Nonresponse , 1986 .

[13]  Leo A. Goodman,et al.  The analysis of multidimensional contingency tables when some variables are posterior to others: a modified path analysis approach , 1973 .

[14]  R.J.H. Engelen,et al.  Semiparametric estimation in the Rasch model , 1987 .

[15]  S. Zeger,et al.  Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models , 1986 .

[16]  Nan M. Laird,et al.  Regression Analysis for Categorical Variables with Outcome Subject to Nonignorable Nonresponse , 1988 .

[17]  B. Lindsay,et al.  Semiparametric Estimation in the Rasch Model and Related Exponential Response Models, Including a Simple Latent Class Model for Item Analysis , 1991 .