Archaeal and bacterial assemblages in the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the upwelling ecosystem off Central Chile as determined by organic biomarkers

Se utilizaron biomarcadores organicos en para investigar la influencia de cambios estacionales en los niveles de oxigenacion y la quimica del agua sobre la distribucion de arqueas y bacterias en la columna de agua y los sedimentos superficiales de la plataforma continental frente a Chile central, un area influenciada por surgencia estacional asociada al desarrollo de una zona de minimo oxigeno. Nuestro interes es establecer si la ocurrencia de arquea y bacteria responde a la oxigenacion y quimica del agua para lo cual analizamos gliceroles dialquil gliceroles tetra-eteres (GDGTs) isoprenoides arqueanos (i) y ramificados bacterianos (r). Nuestros resultados, combinados con datos moleculares de observaciones durante un ano en el mismo lugar y profundidades del sitio de estudio indican la presencia y dominancia del grupo arqueano marino- pelagico Thaumarchaeota. Los cambios observados en la distribucion de iGDGTs podrian explicarse por (i) la presencia de poblaciones de arqueas marinas en la capa de agua sub-oxica, filogeneticamente diferentes a las de aguas superficiales, (ii) cambio en la contribucion relativa de Euryarchaeota con profundidad, y (iii) una relacion entre Thaumarchaeota y factores ambientales distintos a la temperatura. Los GDGTs ramificados fueron mas abundantes en la capa oxica superior durante el periodo de no-surgencia, tal vez influenciado por la alta descarga de rios, mientras que su diversidad fue mas alta en el agua sub-oxica. Nuestros resultados indican una segregacion vertical de los GDGTs isoprenoides y ramificados, con el predominio de biomarcadores arqueanos durante el periodo de baja productividad.

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