Evaluation of Partial Replacement of Dietary Animal Protein from Plant Protein Blended with Glucosamine on Growth and Body Indices of Asian Catfish (Clarias Batrachus) Fingerlings

A 12- week feeding trials was conducted to evaluate the use of animal and plant protein, in combination with Glucosamine source for Asian Catfish, Clarias batrachus (av. wt. 2.2+0.009 to 2.6+0.03 g). This study was performed to evaluate the effect on fish growth performance by replacing animal protein with vegetable protein sources. In experiment, six (37.40 to 43.52 % crude protein, 16.15 to 16.76 kJ/g energy, and crude lipid 3.33 to 6.69%) practical diets were formulated. The animal and plant protein component of the diets was progressively added with glucosamine 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0% with fish meal, silkworm pupae, soybean meal and casein (F-1, PAG 0:100:0.5; F-2, PAG 0:100:5.0; F-3, PAG 0:100:10.0; F-4, PAG 50:50:0.5; F-5, PAG 50:50:5.0; F-6, PAG 50:50:10.0). The experimental moist diets were fed to triplicate groups of fingerlings at 10% of body weight and results were compared with control feed. Growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of catfish, fed diets with animal protein are better than those of plant protein supplemented feeds. After 12-week study the final weight gain recorded as 18.6g, 19.7g, 19.9g, 14.6g, 14.9g, 13.9g and 13.1g in F1 to F6 and in control fed fishes respectively. The percentage weight gain among the animal protein group (F-1, F2, F-3) were recorded as 615.4%, 756.5% and 804.5%, respectively. And the percentage weight gain in 50% replaced feeds (F-4, PAG 50:50:0.5; F-5, PAG 50:50:5.0; F-6, PAG 50:50:10.0), recorded as 563.6%, 547.8% and 479.2% respectively whereas in control it was 403.8%. The results suggests that the growth is better in total animal protein feeds and the best percentage weight gain (p<0.05) recorded in the feed F3, incorporated with 10% glucosamine (804.5%). The FCR were of the diets along with glucosamine in animal protein content has better growth performances ranged between 1.56 ± 0.03 to 1.90 ± 0.04. The survival was recorded in F1 to F6 as 88 ± 2.4%, 83 ± 2.3%, 76% ± 3.4, 74 ± 4.4%, 71 ± 2.8% and 76 ± 4.7% respectively and in control it is recorded as 68 ± 2.7%. The Hepatosomatic and Viscerosomatic indices ranged between 0.67 ± 0.03 to 1.94 ± 0.19 and 1.90 ± 0.02 to 3.17 ± 0.2 respectively in F1 to F7. The feed efficiency in terms of feed conversion ratio recorded as 1.56 ± 0.03 to 1.90 ± 0.04 among all the feeding trials. The findings shows that feed F3, containing 100% animal protein with 10% glucosamine is performed best. Results indicate that animal protein rich diets with glucosamine were much acceptable than plant protein and/or natural diets (Artemia nauplii) for Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus. And to assess the potential for replacing animal protein with soybean meal in the diets of fish need more evaluation along with synergistic approach of incorporating glucosamine.

[1]  Jidan Ye,et al.  Effect of partial fish meal replacement by soybean meal on the growth performance and biochemical indices of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , 2011, Aquaculture International.

[2]  S. Martínez‐Llorens,et al.  Optimum dietary soybean meal level for maximizing growth and nutrient utilization of on-growing gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). , 2009 .

[3]  K. Dąbrowski,et al.  Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review , 2007 .

[4]  L. Kumar Effect of Squillameal on the Growth and Nutritive Value of Labeo rohita (Ham) , 2007 .

[5]  D. Bureau,et al.  Effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth, feed utilization and carcass composition of cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides) , 2006 .

[6]  M. Tiirola,et al.  Effects of soybean meal based diet on growth performance, gut histopathology and intestinal microbiota of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) , 2006 .

[7]  Ernesto Goytortúa-Bores,et al.  Partial replacement of red crab (Pleuroncodes planipes) meal for fish meal in practical diets for the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Effects on growth and in vivo digestibility , 2006 .

[8]  J. Verreth,et al.  Digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility and organ weights in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets supplemented with different levels of a soluble non-starch polysaccharide , 2006 .

[9]  K. Kim,et al.  Influence of lipid level and supplemental lecithin in diet on growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in suboptimal water temperatures , 2006 .

[10]  S. Cho,et al.  Effect of feeding ratio on growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed extruded pellets during the summer season , 2006 .

[11]  M. Jover,et al.  Utilization of soybean meal as an alternative protein source in the Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili , 2005 .

[12]  C. Tantikitti,et al.  Effects of defatted soybean protein levels on growth performance and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) , 2005 .

[13]  Å. Krogdahl,et al.  Effects of graded levels of standard soybean meal on intestinal structure, mucosal enzyme activities, and pancreatic response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) , 2003 .

[14]  S. Bai,et al.  Optimum dietary protein level for maximum growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel) , 2002 .

[15]  S. Roseman,et al.  Reflections on Glycobiology* 1 , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[16]  K. Becker,et al.  Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish , 2001 .

[17]  K. Kikuchi Use of defatted soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in diets of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) , 1999 .

[18]  M. Boonyaratpalin,et al.  Replacement of fish meal with various types of soybean products in diets for the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer , 1998 .

[19]  D. Gatlin,et al.  Determination of digestibility coefficients of various feedstuffs for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) , 1996 .

[20]  J. Cravedi,et al.  Partial or total replacement of fish meal by soybean protein on growth, protein utilization, potential estrogenic or antigenic effects, cholesterolemia and flesh quality in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , 1995 .

[21]  E. D’Agaro,et al.  The effect of dietary protein level and source on growth, body composition, total ammonia and reactive phosphate excretion of growing sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) , 1994 .

[22]  H. Moon,et al.  Effects of dietary animal proteins on growth and body composition of the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) , 1994 .

[23]  Kok Leong Wee,et al.  Snakehead Channa sp.幼魚の飼料中タンパク質の要求量 , 1982 .

[24]  R. J. Anderson,et al.  Protein requirements of smallmouth bass and largemouth bass. , 1981, The Journal of nutrition.

[25]  M. Mazid,et al.  Growth response of Tilapia zillii fingerlings fed isocaloric diets with variable protein levels , 1979 .

[26]  H. S. Bayley,et al.  Influence of level and type of dietary protein, and of level of feeding on feed utilization by rainbow trout. , 1976, The Journal of nutrition.

[27]  B. Satia Quantitative Protein Requirements of Rainbow Trout , 1974 .

[28]  C. B. Cowey,et al.  Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The protein requirement of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). , 1972, The British journal of nutrition.

[29]  Sidney A. Williams,et al.  Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists , 1971, Soil Science Society of America Journal.

[30]  E. Mertz,et al.  Nutrition of salmonoid fishes. VI Protein requirements of chinook salmon at two water temperatures. , 1958, The Journal of nutrition.

[31]  R. Hardy Worldwide Fish Meal Production Outlook and the Use of Alternative Protein Meals for Aquaculture , 2006 .

[32]  D. Jamu,et al.  Potential for the development of aquaculture in Africa , 2003 .

[33]  Y. Dersjant-Li The Use of Soy Protein in Aquafeeds , 2002 .

[34]  K. Devaraj,et al.  Effect of different levels of protein, fat and carbohydrate on growth, feed utilisation and body carcass composition of fingerlings in Catla catla (Ham.) , 1995 .

[35]  M. Mollah,et al.  EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE ON GROWTH AND FEED UTILIZATION OF CATFISH (CLARIAS BATRACHUS L.) FRY , 1990 .