Transient and Permanent Rotations in a Shear Layer Excited by Strong Earthquake Pulses

Nonlinear waves in a bilinear soil layer are described for excitation by vertically arriving S-wave pulses of strong ground motion. Conditions that lead to the nonlinear deformation are described in terms of amplitudes and wavelengths of in- cident pulses. It is shown that the layer can fail during the first passage of the incident wave (during a time shorter than the travel time through the layer). Peak amplitudes of (1) transient rotations, of (2) permanent rotations (strains), and of (3) the peak duc- tility in the layer are described in terms of the dimensionless amplitudes of incident pulses and the places of their occurrence in the layer. Even a simple model like this (one-dimensional propagation, simple shape of incident pulse, bilinear stress-strain soil model) leads to very complicated response. The results presented offer only a glimpse at the complexity in a realistic setting.

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