How are crosstalk and ghosting defined in the stereoscopic literature?

Crosstalk is a critical factor determining the image quality of stereoscopic displays. Also known as ghosting or leakage, high levels of crosstalk can make stereoscopic images hard to fuse and lack fidelity; hence it is important to achieve low levels of crosstalk in the development of high-quality stereoscopic displays. In the wider academic literature, the terms crosstalk, ghosting and leakage are often used interchangeably and unfortunately very few publications actually provide a descriptive or mathematical definition of these terms. Additionally the definitions that are available are sometimes contradictory. This paper reviews how the terms crosstalk, ghosting and associated terms (system crosstalk, viewer crosstalk, gray-to-gray crosstalk, leakage, extinction and extinction ratio, and 3D contrast) are defined and used in the stereoscopic literature. Both descriptive definitions and mathematical definitions are considered.