Breath Figure Method for Construction of Honeycomb Films

Honeycomb films with various building units, showing potential applications in biological, medical, physicochemical, photoelectric, and many other areas, could be prepared by the breath figure method. The ordered hexagonal structures formed by the breath figure process are related to the building units, solvents, substrates, temperature, humidity, air flow, and other factors. Therefore, by adjusting these factors, the honeycomb structures could be tuned properly. In this review, we summarized the development of the breath figure method of fabricating honeycomb films and the factors of adjusting honeycomb structures. The organic-inorganic hybrid was taken as the example building unit to discuss the preparation, mechanism, properties, and applications of the honeycomb films.

[1]  L. Scriven,et al.  The Marangoni Effects , 1960, Nature.

[2]  Jin Kon Kim,et al.  Breath figure patterns prepared by spin coating in a dry environment. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[3]  Catherine E. Krull,et al.  Building from the bottom up , 2001, Nature Cell Biology.

[4]  Chao Gao,et al.  Honeycomb-patterned photoluminescent films fabricated by self-assembly of hyperbranched polymers. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[5]  Juan Peng,et al.  The influencing factors on the macroporous formation in polymer films by water droplet templating , 2004 .

[6]  Peiqin Tang,et al.  Photoluminescent honeycomb films templated by microwater droplets. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[7]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Arrays of triangular shaped pincushions for SERS substrates prepared by using self-organization and vapor deposition. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[8]  Mohan Srinivasarao,et al.  Three-Dimensionally Ordered Array of Air Bubbles in a Polymer Film , 2001, Science.

[9]  Bao-Ku Zhu,et al.  A study on formation of regular honeycomb pattern in polysulfone film , 2005 .

[10]  Hideto Matsuyama,et al.  The Effect of Polymer Molecular Weight on the Structure of a Honeycomb Patterned Thin Film Prepared by Solvent Evaporation , 2004 .

[11]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Mesoscopic patterns of molecular aggregates on solid substrates , 1998 .

[12]  R K Nagarale,et al.  Recent developments on ion-exchange membranes and electro-membrane processes. , 2006, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[13]  Samuel I. Stupp,et al.  Ordered Sacs and Membranes Self-Assembly of Large and Small Molecules into Hierarchically , 2013 .

[14]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Breath Figures of Nanoscale Bricks: A Universal Method for Creating Hierarchic Porous Materials from Inorganic Nanoparticles Stabilized with Mussel-Inspired Copolymers. , 2014, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[15]  Edward Bormashenko,et al.  Honeycomb structures obtained with breath figures self-assembly allow water/oil separation , 2012 .

[16]  Yu Fang,et al.  Tunable morphology of 2D honeycomb-patterned films and the hydrophobicity of a ferrocenyl-based oligomer. , 2011, Chemistry.

[17]  Hang Sun,et al.  Honeycomb-patterned films fabricated by self-organization of DNA-surfactant complexes. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[18]  M Civardi,et al.  Self-organization of polystyrenes into ordered microstructured films and their replication by soft lithography. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[19]  Qing Shen,et al.  Fabrication of highly ordered porous superhydrophobic polystyrene films by electric breath figure and surface chemical modification , 2015 .

[20]  Bernard François,et al.  Self-organized honeycomb morphology of star-polymer polystyrene films , 1994, Nature.

[21]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Micropatterning of liquid crystalline polyacetylene derivative by using self-organization processes , 2009 .

[22]  Meihua Lu,et al.  Preparation of porous materials with ordered hole structure. , 2006, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[23]  Kunlun Hong,et al.  Synthesis of a large-scale highly ordered porous carbon film by self-assembly of block copolymers. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[24]  Jiwei Cui,et al.  Self-organized polymer nanocomposite inverse opal films with combined optical properties. , 2011, Chemistry.

[25]  A. Cassie,et al.  Wettability of porous surfaces , 1944 .

[26]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Photo-patterning of honeycomb films prepared from amphiphilic copolymer containing photochromic spiropyran. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[27]  Seungkwan Hong,et al.  Antibacterial and water purification activities of self-assembled honeycomb structure of aerosol deposited titania film. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[28]  Eric W McFarland,et al.  Electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured ZnO films utilizing self-assembly of surfactant molecules at solid-liquid interfaces. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[29]  Suk-In Hong,et al.  Gas Permeation Properties of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Membranes Prepared from Hydroxyl-Terminated Polyether and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane , 2005 .

[30]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Electroless plating of honeycomb and pincushion polymer films prepared by self-organization. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[31]  Thomas P. Russell,et al.  Nanoporous Membranes with Ultrahigh Selectivity and Flux for the Filtration of Viruses , 2006 .

[32]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Mesoscale pincushions, microrings, and microdots prepared by heating and peeling of self-organized honeycomb-patterned films deposited on a solid substrate. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[33]  Xiaoyan Ma,et al.  Honeycomb porous films of pentablock copolymer on liquid substrates via breath figure method and their hydrophobic properties with static and dynamic behaviour , 2015 .

[34]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Mechanical regulation of cellular adhesion onto honeycomb-patterned porous scaffolds by altering the elasticity of material surfaces. , 2013, Biomacromolecules.

[35]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Simple Fabrication of Honeycomb- and Pincushion-Structured Films Containing Thermoresponsive Polymers and Their Surface Wettability , 2009 .

[36]  Martina H. Stenzel,et al.  Formation of Regular Honeycomb-Patterned Porous Film by Self-Organization , 2002 .

[37]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Robust anisotropic polymer meshes prepared by stretching and photo-crosslinking of poly(1,2-butadiene) honeycomb films. , 2011, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[38]  R. N. Wenzel.  RESISTANCE OF SOLID SURFACES TO WETTING BY WATER , 1936 .

[39]  Yuanjian Zhang,et al.  Nanostructured 2D Diporphyrin Honeycomb Film: Photoelectrochemistry, Photodegradation, and Antibacterial Activity. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[40]  Marianne J. Ellis,et al.  Fabrication of Honeycomb‐Structured Poly(DL‐lactide) and Poly[(DL‐lactide)‐co‐glycolide)] Films and their Use as Scaffolds for Osteoblast‐Like Cell Culture , 2008 .

[41]  Plamen Atanassov,et al.  Anion-exchange membranes in electrochemical energy systems , 2014 .

[42]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Single-Step Fabrication of Transparent Superhydrophobic Porous Polymer Films , 2005 .

[43]  Thomas P. Davis,et al.  Formation of honeycomb-structured, porous films via breath figures with different polymer architectures , 2006 .

[44]  Ning Gu,et al.  Interfacial effects of in situ-synthesized Ag nanoparticles on breath figures. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[45]  Francesco Galeotti,et al.  CdTe nanocrystal assemblies guided by breath figure templates , 2011 .

[46]  Hiroshi Yabu,et al.  Biomimetic ultra-bubble-repellent surfaces based on a self-organized honeycomb film. , 2014, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[47]  J. Hao,et al.  Formation mechanism and morphology modulation of honeycomb hybrid films made of polyoxometalates/surfactants at the air/water interface. , 2009, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[48]  O. Pitois,et al.  Crystallization of condensation droplets on a liquid surface , 1999 .

[49]  Yongming Chen,et al.  Robust Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Porous Thin Films via Breath‐Figure Method and Gelation Process , 2007 .

[50]  Cui-Ying Huang,et al.  A New Polyoxometalate‐Templated Mo/V‐Oxide‐Based Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Framework with a Honeycomb‐Like Structure. , 2009 .

[51]  Shanfeng Wang,et al.  Integration of photo-crosslinking and breath figures to fabricate biodegradable polymer substrates with tunable pores that regulate cellular behavior , 2014 .

[52]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Fabrication of patterned and anisotropic porous films based on photo-cross-linking of poly(1,2-butadiene) honeycomb films , 2011 .

[53]  J. Hao,et al.  Directionally electrodeposited gold nanoparticles into honeycomb macropores and their surface-enhanced Raman scattering , 2010 .

[54]  Edward Bormashenko,et al.  Mesoscopic Patterning in Evaporated Polymer Solutions: Poly(ethylene glycol) and Room-Temperature-Vulcanized Polyorganosilanes/-siloxanes Promote Formation of Honeycomb Structures , 2008 .

[55]  D. H. Wang,et al.  Preparation of urushiol‐titanium chelate polymer/multiwall carbon nanotubes composite honeycomb films with chemical resistance by breath figures , 2015 .

[56]  Murali Sastry,et al.  Transmetalation reaction between hydrophobic silver nanoparticles and aqueous chloroaurate ions at the air-water interface. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[57]  S. Ranil Wickramasinghe,et al.  Fabrication of highly ordered porous membranes of cellulose triacetate on ice substrates using breath figure method , 2015 .

[58]  Dunbar P. Birnie,et al.  Infrared observation of evaporative cooling during spin-coating processes , 1995 .

[59]  J. Engel,et al.  Liquid crystal polymer (LCP) for MEMS: processes and applications , 2003 .

[60]  Jian Li,et al.  Optimizing the performance of a membrane bio-electrochemical reactor using an anion exchange membrane for wastewater treatment , 2015 .

[61]  Aaron Zhenghui Thong,et al.  Non-close-packed pore arrays through one-step breath figure self-assembly and reversal , 2014 .

[62]  Shengnan Huang,et al.  Non-Close-Packed Breath Figures via Ion-Partitioning-Mediated Self-Assembly. , 2015, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[63]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Fabrication of mussel-inspired highly adhesive honeycomb films containing catechol groups and their applications for substrate-independent porous templates. , 2013, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[64]  Anders Hult,et al.  Biomimetic surface modification of honeycomb films via a "grafting from" approach. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[65]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles stabilized with mussel-inspired amphiphilic copolymers in organic solvents and formation of hierarchical porous films by the breath figure technique. , 2013, Chemical communications.

[66]  R. Thouvenot,et al.  Functionalization of polyoxometalates: towards advanced applications in catalysis and materials science. , 2008, Chemical communications.

[67]  Yan Liu,et al.  Porphyrin-based honeycomb films and their antibacterial activity. , 2014, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[68]  Yang Ou,et al.  In-Situ Immobilization of Silver Nanoparticles on Self-Assembled Honeycomb-Patterned Films Enables Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrates , 2014 .

[69]  Patrick T. Mather,et al.  Nanofiber Network Ion-Exchange Membranes , 2008 .

[70]  T. Xu.  Ion exchange membranes: State of their development and perspective , 2005 .

[71]  Ting Xu,et al.  Hierarchical nanoparticle assemblies formed by decorating breath figures , 2004, Nature materials.

[72]  Freek Kapteijn,et al.  An amine-functionalized MIL-53 metal-organic framework with large separation power for CO2 and CH4. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[73]  Alfonso Martinez-Felipe,et al.  Liquid crystal polymers and ionomers for membrane applications , 2011 .

[74]  Marc Gershow,et al.  Detecting single stranded DNA with a solid state nanopore. , 2005, Nano letters.

[75]  U. Bunz,et al.  Breath Figures as a Dynamic Templating Method for Polymers and Nanomaterials , 2006 .

[76]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Enhanced photocurrent generation of bio-inspired graphene/ZnO composite films , 2015 .

[77]  Oleg Gendelman,et al.  Formation of honeycomb patterns in evaporated polymer solutions : Influence of the molecular weight , 2005 .

[78]  GEORGE CRAIG.  Breath Figures , 1911, Nature.

[79]  Leroy Cronin,et al.  Self-assembly of organic-inorganic hybrid amphiphilic surfactants with large polyoxometalates as polar head groups. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[80]  J. Hao,et al.  Macroporous honeycomb films of surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalates at air/water interface and their electrochemical properties. , 2010, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[81]  Lixin Wu,et al.  Polyoxometalate/polymer hybrid materials: fabrication and properties , 2009 .

[82]  Su Chen,et al.  Quantum-dot-embedded ionomer-derived films with ordered honeycomb structures via breath figures. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[83]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Patterned metallic honeycomb films prepared by photo-patterning and electroless plating , 2010 .

[84]  Y Noishiki,et al.  A honeycomb collagen carrier for cell culture as a tissue engineering scaffold. , 2001, Artificial organs.

[85]  Edward Bormashenko,et al.  Progress in low voltage reversible electrowetting with lubricated polymer honeycomb substrates , 2015 .

[86]  Yingdan Zhu,et al.  Honeycomb-structured films by multifunctional amphiphilic biodegradable copolymers: surface morphology control and biomedical application as scaffolds for cell growth. , 2011, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[87]  L. Rubatat,et al.  Recent advances in honeycomb-structured porous polymer films prepared via breath figures , 2012 .

[88]  Nan Wang,et al.  Fabrication of porous film with controlled pore size and wettability by electric breath figure method , 2014 .

[89]  J. Parisi,et al.  Honeycomb Carbon Networks: Preparation, Structure, and Transport , 2008 .

[90]  Agostino Iadicicco,et al.  Lab on fiber by using the breath figure technique , 2013, Europe Optics + Optoelectronics.

[91]  Dirk J. Broer,et al.  Nanoporous membranes based on liquid crystalline polymers , 2011 .

[92]  Zhengfei Dai,et al.  Honeycomb-like periodic porous LaFeO₃ thin film chemiresistors with enhanced gas-sensing performances. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[93]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Fabrication of honeycomb film of an amphiphilic copolymer at the air-water interface , 2002 .

[94]  J. Hao,et al.  Surface charges of hedgehog-shaped polyoxomolybdate modified by a cationic surfactant and the inorganic/organic complex , 2008 .

[95]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Superhydrophobic and lipophobic properties of self-organized honeycomb and pincushion structures. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[96]  Richard O. Claus,et al.  Molecular Self-Assembly of TiO2/Polymer Nanocomposite Films , 1997 .

[97]  Shivaji Sircar,et al.  Performance and pore characterization of nanoporous carbon membranes for gas separation , 1996 .

[98]  O. Pitois,et al.  Formation of ordered micro-porous membranes , 1999 .

[99]  Hongmin Ma,et al.  Ordered patterns and structures via interfacial self-assembly: superlattices, honeycomb structures and coffee rings. , 2011, Chemical Society reviews.

[100]  Tianbo Liu,et al.  Self-patterning of hydrophobic materials into highly ordered honeycomb nanostructures at the air/water interface. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[101]  Hang Sun,et al.  Polyoxometalate-based vesicle and its honeycomb architectures on solid surfaces. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[102]  Jin Kon Kim,et al.  Porous structures of polymer films prepared by spin coating with mixed solvents under humid condition. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[103]  Francesco Pilati,et al.  Solvent and substrate contributions to the formation of breath figure patterns in polystyrene films. , 2011, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[104]  Karl V Voelkerding,et al.  Extraction and amplification of genomic DNA from human blood on nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes. , 2004, Clinical chemistry.

[105]  Kui Zang,et al.  The Biocompatible and Anti-Bacterial Effect of the Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Film with Regularly Impregnated Ag Nanoparticles , 2012 .

[106]  Xiaoyan Ma,et al.  Morphology and wettability control of honeycomb porous films of amphiphilic fluorinated pentablock copolymers via breath figure method , 2014 .

[107]  Jun Fu,et al.  Ordered honeycomb-structured gold nanoparticle films with changeable pore morphology: from circle to ellipse. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[108]  Hongmin Ma,et al.  Dimensional architecture of ferrocenyl-based oligomer honeycomb-patterned films: from monolayer to multilayer. , 2011, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[109]  Hang Sun,et al.  Self-organized microporous structures based on surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalate complexes. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[110]  Oleg Gendelman,et al.  Mesoscopic patterning in evaporated polymer solutions: new experimental data and physical mechanisms. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[111]  Christopher Barner-Kowollik,et al.  Honeycomb-structured porous films from polypyrrole-containing block copolymers prepared via RAFT polymerization as a scaffold for cell growth. , 2006, Biomacromolecules.

[112]  F Xi,et al.  Porous polymer films and honeycomb structures based on amphiphilic dendronized block copolymers. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[113]  Shivaji Sircar,et al.  Nanoporous carbon membranes for separation of gas mixtures by selective surface flow , 1993 .

[114]  Yang Ou,et al.  Fabrication of perforated isoporous membranes via a transfer-free strategy: enabling high-resolution separation of cells. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[115]  Hang Sun,et al.  Self-organized honeycomb structures of Mn(12) single-molecule magnets. , 2009, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[116]  Zuzanna S Siwy,et al.  Resistive-pulse DNA detection with a conical nanopore sensor. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[117]  Sadaaki Yamamoto,et al.  Effect of honeycomb film on protein adsorption, cell adhesion and proliferation , 2006 .

[118]  Lin He,et al.  Honeycomb-structured microporous films made from hyperbranched polymers by the breath figure method. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[119]  M.J. Mullan,et al.  Breath-figure polymer films with local microporosity controlled via spatio-thermal templating , 2008, 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[120]  Hongmin Ma,et al.  Evaporation-induced ordered honeycomb structures of gold nanoparticles at the air/water interface. , 2010, Chemistry.

[121]  Michael G Debije,et al.  Functional organic materials based on polymerized liquid-crystal monomers: supramolecular hydrogen-bonded systems. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.