APROSYS European in-depth pedestrian database

The EU FP 6 Integrated Project on Advanced Protection Systems (APROSYS) is exploring the relevance of vehicle pedestrian protection systems in the real world. A pedestrian injury database was compiled of in-depth information to permit reconstructions of the pedestrian/cyclist/vehicle/ground interactions. The database consisted of 63 pedestrians cases and 7 cyclist cases. Results were obtained on: injury risk as related to impact speed; the locations of primary head impacts with vehicles; the proportion and frequency of ground impacts; and the over representation of elderly fatals with Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) 3. It is concluded that (i) the head impact locations for pedestrian protection need to be reviewed to include the windscreen, A pillars and scuttle areas, and (ii) a calibration of MAIS and ISS against fatality/non fatality for a large sample of pedestrians is necessary, with children/adults/elderly (>60 years of age) ranked separately.

[1]  K Nakabayashi,et al.  Traffic fatalities in Rhode Island: Part IV. The pedestrian victim. , 1984, Rhode Island medical journal.

[2]  Harold J. Mertz,et al.  The Position of the United States Delegation to the ISO Working Group 6 on the Use of HIC in the Automotive Environment , 1985 .

[3]  L. Rubenstein,et al.  Are Older Pedestrians Allowed Enough Time to Cross Intersections Safely? , 1994, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[4]  E. G. Janssen,et al.  Experimental and Mathematical Simulation of Pedestrian-Vehicle and Cyclist-Vehicle Accidents , 1985 .

[5]  R C Harruff,et al.  Analysis of circumstances and injuries in 217 pedestrian traffic fatalities. , 1998, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[6]  Clive Neal-Sturgess,et al.  PEDESTRIAN INJURY - EFFECTS IN IMPACT SPEED AND CONTACT STIFFNESS , 2002 .

[7]  D F Preusser,et al.  LITERATURE REVIEW ON VEHICLE TRAVEL SPEEDS AND PEDESTRIAN INJURIES - FINAL REPORT , 1999 .

[8]  Maryvonne Dejeammes,et al.  AGING PROCESS AND SAFETY ENHANCEMENT OF CAR OCCUPANTS , 1996 .

[9]  D C Viano,et al.  Involvement of older drivers in multivehicle side-impact crashes. , 1990, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[10]  E. Seow,et al.  Who dies at A&E? The role of forensic pathology in the audit of mortality in an emergency medicine department , 1996 .

[11]  M. Copass,et al.  Geriatric trauma: injury patterns and outcome. , 1983, The Journal of trauma.

[12]  Ruth Welsh,et al.  Crash characteristics and injury outcomes for older passenger car occupants , 2006 .

[13]  Johan Ivarsson,et al.  The Influence of Age on the Morbidity and Mortality of Pedestrian Victims , 2006, Traffic injury prevention.

[14]  S. J. Ashton,et al.  Some characteristics of the population who suffer trauma as pedestrians when hit by cars and some resulting implications , 1979 .

[15]  G. Murray Mackay.  Biomechanics and the regulation of vehicle crash performance , 1989 .

[16]  Leonard Evans,et al.  Traffic Safety and the Driver , 1991 .

[17]  F. Bongard,et al.  Pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents: an analysis of 5,000 patients. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[18]  C. Neal-Sturgess.  A thermomechanical theory of impact trauma , 2002 .

[19]  Brian Fildes,et al.  An overview of requirements for the crash protection of older drivers. , 2002, Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine.

[20]  Dietmar Otte,et al.  Analysis and load assessment of secondary impact to adult pedestrians after car collisions on roads , 2001 .

[21]  S J Ashton,et al.  Patterns of injury in pedestrian accidents , 1979 .

[22]  A J McLean,et al.  Vehicle travel speeds and the incidence of fatal pedestrian crashes. , 1997, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[23]  Dietmar Otte.  SEVERITY AND MECHANISM OF HEAD IMPACTS IN CAR TO PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS , 1999 .

[24]  Brian N. Fildes,et al.  OLDER DRIVER SAFETY: A CHALLENGE FOR SWEDEN'S "VISION ZERO"? , 2001 .

[25]  W. Haddon,et al.  The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. , 1974, The Journal of trauma.