Practical animation of liquids

We present a general method for modeling and animating liquids. The system is specifically designed for computer animation and handles viscous liquids as they move in a 3D environment and interact with graphics primitives such as parametric curves and moving polygons. We combine an appropriately modified semi-Lagrangian method with a new approach to calculating fluid flow around objects. This allows us to efficiently solve the equations of motion for a liquid while retaining enough detail to obtain realistic looking behavior. The object interaction mechanism is extended to provide control over the liquid s 3D motion. A high quality surface is obtained from the resulting velocity field using a novel adaptive technique for evolving an implicit surface.

[1]  Dimitris N. Metaxas,et al.  Controlling fluid animation , 1997, Proceedings Computer Graphics International.

[2]  Jim X. Chen,et al.  Toward Interactive-Rate Simulation of Fluids with Moving Obstacles Using Navier-Stokes Equations , 1995, CVGIP Graph. Model. Image Process..

[3]  Gavin S. P. Miller,et al.  Rapid, stable fluid dynamics for computer graphics , 1990, SIGGRAPH.

[4]  Brian Wyvill,et al.  Introduction to Implicit Surfaces , 1997 .

[5]  Richard Barrett,et al.  Templates for the Solution of Linear Systems: Building Blocks for Iterative Methods , 1994, Other Titles in Applied Mathematics.

[6]  David R. Basco,et al.  Computational fluid dynamics - an introduction for engineers , 1989 .

[7]  A. Staniforth,et al.  Semi-Lagrangian integration schemes for atmospheric models - A review , 1991 .

[8]  Dimitris N. Metaxas,et al.  Modeling the motion of a hot, turbulent gas , 1997, SIGGRAPH.

[9]  Mathieu Desbrun,et al.  Active Implicit Surface for Animation , 1998, Graphics Interface.

[10]  Gavin S. P. Miller,et al.  Globular dynamics: A connected particle system for animating viscous fluids , 1989, Comput. Graph..

[11]  J. Sethian,et al.  FRONTS PROPAGATING WITH CURVATURE DEPENDENT SPEED: ALGORITHMS BASED ON HAMILTON-JACOB1 FORMULATIONS , 2003 .

[12]  Jos Stam,et al.  Stable fluids , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[13]  Alain Fournier,et al.  A simple model of ocean waves , 1986, SIGGRAPH.

[14]  Dimitris N. Metaxas,et al.  Realistic Animation of Liquids , 1996, Graphics Interface.

[15]  William E. Lorensen,et al.  Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm , 1996 .

[16]  William Franklin Gates,et al.  Interactive flow field modeling for the design and control of fluid motion in computer animation , 1994 .

[17]  Ronald Fedkiw,et al.  A Boundary Condition Capturing Method for Multiphase Incompressible Flow , 2000, J. Sci. Comput..

[18]  Darwyn R. Peachey,et al.  Modeling waves and surf , 1986, SIGGRAPH.

[19]  William E. Lorensen,et al.  Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm , 1987, SIGGRAPH.

[20]  John Platt,et al.  Heating and melting deformable models (from goop to glop) , 1989 .

[21]  James A. Sethian,et al.  Level Set Methods and Fast Marching Methods , 1999 .

[22]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Dynamic simulation of splashing fluids , 1995, Proceedings Computer Animation'95.

[23]  F. Harlow,et al.  Numerical Calculation of Time‐Dependent Viscous Incompressible Flow of Fluid with Free Surface , 1965 .

[24]  Peter E. Raad,et al.  The surface marker and micro cell method , 1997 .

[25]  R. Courant,et al.  On the solution of nonlinear hyperbolic differential equations by finite differences , 1952 .

[26]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Animating explosions , 2000, SIGGRAPH.

[27]  Bruce J. Schachter,et al.  Long Crested Wave Models , 1980 .

[28]  S. Osher,et al.  A Non-oscillatory Eulerian Approach to Interfaces in Multimaterial Flows (the Ghost Fluid Method) , 1999 .