Cytocidal and Apoptotic Effects of the ClyA Protein from Escherichia coli on Primary and Cultured Monocytes and Macrophages

ABSTRACT Cytolysin A (ClyA) is a newly discovered cytolytic protein ofEscherichia coli K-12 that mediates a hemolytic phenotype. We show here that highly purified ClyA and ClyA-expressing E. coli were cytotoxic and apoptogenic to fresh as well as cultured human and murine monocytes/macrophages.

[1]  T. J. Stillman,et al.  E. coli Hemolysin E (HlyE, ClyA, SheA) X-Ray Crystal Structure of the Toxin and Observation of Membrane Pores by Electron Microscopy , 2000, Cell.

[2]  B. Uhlin,et al.  Expression of cytotoxicity by potential pathogens in the standard Escherichia coli collection of reference (ECOR) strains. , 1999, Microbiology.

[3]  B. Uhlin,et al.  Molecular analysis of the cytolytic protein ClyA (SheA) from Escherichia coli , 1999, Molecular microbiology.

[4]  S. Melgar,et al.  An apoptotic response by J774 macrophage cells is common upon infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. , 1999, FEMS microbiology letters.

[5]  W. Goebel,et al.  Analysis of the SlyA‐controlled expression, subcellular localization and pore‐forming activity of a 34 kDa haemolysin (ClyA) from Escherichia coli K‐12 , 1999, Molecular microbiology.

[6]  B. Tall,et al.  Hemolysin-Positive Enteroaggregative and Cell-Detaching Escherichia coli Strains Cause Oncosis of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Apoptosis of Murine J774 Cells , 1998, Infection and Immunity.

[7]  J. Green,et al.  The molecular basis for the differential regulation of the hlyE-encoded haemolysin of Escherichia coli by FNR and HlyX lies in the improved activating region 1 contact of HlyX. , 1997, Microbiology.

[8]  F. D. Del Castillo,et al.  The Escherichia coli K‐12 sheA gene encodes a 34‐kDa secreted haemolysin , 1997, Molecular microbiology.

[9]  P. Anderson,et al.  Kinase cascades regulating entry into apoptosis , 1997, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR.

[10]  B. Uhlin,et al.  Induction of haemolytic activity in Escherichia coli by the slyA gene product , 1996, Molecular microbiology.

[11]  F. Baquero,et al.  hns mutant unveils the presence of a latent haemolytic activity in Escherichia coli K‐12 , 1996, Molecular microbiology.

[12]  S. Orrenius,et al.  Signal transduction pathways in apoptosis. , 1994, Stem cells.

[13]  A. Zychlinsky,et al.  Apoptosis induced by bacterial pathogens. , 1994, Microbial pathogenesis.

[14]  W. Goebel,et al.  A cytolysin encoded by Salmonella is required for survival within macrophages. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  S. Holm,et al.  Killing of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in serum and saliva. , 1993, Oral microbiology and immunology.

[16]  P. Krammer,et al.  Cytocidal effects of Escherichia coli hemolysin on human T lymphocytes , 1993, Infection and immunity.

[17]  S. Ben‐Sasson,et al.  Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation , 1992, The Journal of cell biology.

[18]  J. D. Young,et al.  Ionophore-induced apoptosis: role of DNA fragmentation and calcium fluxes. , 1991, Experimental cell research.

[19]  E. Lally,et al.  Effects of cations and osmotic protectants on cytolytic activity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin , 1990, Infection and immunity.

[20]  J. Cooper,et al.  Effects of cytochalasin and phalloidin on actin , 1987, The Journal of cell biology.

[21]  E Borenfreund,et al.  Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption. , 1985, Toxicology letters.

[22]  C. Korzeniewski,et al.  An enzyme-release assay for natural cytotoxicity. , 1983, Journal of immunological methods.

[23]  A. Wyllie.  Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation , 1980, Nature.

[24]  K. Nilsson,et al.  Establishment and characterization of a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U‐937) , 1976, International journal of cancer.

[25]  P. Ralph,et al.  Phagocytosis and cytolysis by a macrophage tumour and its cloned cell line , 1975, Nature.

[26]  A. Wyllie,et al.  Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics , 1972, British Journal of Cancer.

[27]  H. Lorenz,et al.  A rapid and simple method for the isolation of apoptotic DNA fragments. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.