Tetracycline resistance mediated by ribosomal protection

Resistance to tetracycline may be mediated by one of three different mechanisms: (i) an energy-dependent efflux of tetracycline brought about by an integral membrane protein (20); (ii) ribosomal protection by a soluble protein (5, 23), or (iii) enzymatic inactivation of tetracycline (33), which occurs rarely. This minireview concentrates exclusively on the second mechanism of tetracycline resistance.

[1]  A. Liljas,et al.  Three‐dimensional structure of the ribosomal translocase: elongation factor G from Thermus thermophilus. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[2]  J. Rood,et al.  The Clostridium perfringens Tet P determinant comprises two overlapping genes: tetA(P), which mediates active tetracycline efflux, and tetB(P), which is related to the ribosomal protection family of tetracycline‐resistance determinants , 1994, Molecular microbiology.

[3]  M. Urdea,et al.  The nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance determinant tetM from Ureaplasma urealyticum. , 1988, Nucleic acids research.

[4]  V. Burdett.  Nucleotide sequence of the tet(M) gene of Tn916. , 1990, Nucleic acids research.

[5]  P. March,et al.  In vivo selection of conditional-lethal mutations in the gene encoding elongation factor G of Escherichia coli , 1994, Journal of bacteriology.

[6]  E. Charpentier,et al.  Presence of the Listeria tetracycline resistance gene tet(S) in Enterococcus faecalis , 1994, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[7]  E. Manavathu,et al.  Effect of mutational alteration of Asn-128 in the putative GTP-binding domain of tetracycline resistance determinant Tet(O) from Campylobacter jejuni , 1993, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[8]  S. Levy,et al.  Active efflux mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance , 1992, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[9]  Diane E. Taylor,et al.  Tet(O), a protein that mediates ribosomal protection to tetracycline, binds, and hydrolyses GTP , 1995 .

[10]  A. Böck,et al.  Purification and biochemical characterization of SELB, a translation factor involved in selenoprotein synthesis. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[11]  V. Burdett,et al.  Purification and characterization of Tet(M), a protein that renders ribosomes resistant to tetracycline. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[12]  I. Hunter,et al.  Characterization of an oxytetracycline‐resistance gene, otrA, of Streptomyces rimosus , 1991, Molecular microbiology.

[13]  J. Nyborg,et al.  Refined structure of elongation factor EF-Tu from Escherichia coli. , 1992, Journal of molecular biology.

[14]  M. Gefter,et al.  Role modifications in tyrosine transfer RNA: a modified base affecting ribosome binding. , 1969, Journal of molecular biology.

[15]  E. Manavathu,et al.  Nucleotide sequence analysis and expression of a tetracycline-resistance gene from Campylobacter jejuni. , 1988, Gene.

[16]  P. Trieu-Cuot,et al.  Nucleotide sequence of the tetM tetracycline resistance determinant of the streptococcal conjugative shuttle transposon Tn1545. , 1986, Nucleic Acids Research.

[17]  M. Roberts,et al.  Tetracycline resistance determinants in Mycobacterium and Streptomyces species , 1994, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[18]  D. Hughes,et al.  Fusidic acid-resistant mutants define three regions in elongation factor G of Salmonella typhimurium. , 1994, Gene.

[19]  B. Cooperman,et al.  Molecular studies on the mechanism of tetracycline resistance mediated by Tet(O) , 1990, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[20]  E. Charpentier,et al.  Characterization of a new class of tetracycline-resistance gene tet(S) in Listeria monocytogenes BM4210. , 1993, Gene.

[21]  V. Burdett,et al.  tRNA modification activity is necessary for Tet(M)-mediated tetracycline resistance , 1993, Journal of bacteriology.

[22]  M. Urdea,et al.  Homology of the TetM with translational elongation factors: implications for potential modes of tetM-conferred tetracycline resistance. , 1988, Nucleic acids research.

[23]  Walter E. Hill,et al.  The Ribosome : structure, function, and evolution , 1990 .

[24]  Y. Su,et al.  Characterization of the tet(M) determinant of Tn916: evidence for regulation by transcription attenuation , 1992, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[25]  W. Hillen,et al.  Nomenclature for tetracycline resistance determinants , 1989, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[26]  P. Nordmann,et al.  Nucleotide sequence and distribution of gene tetO encoding tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter coli , 1987 .

[27]  D. Hughes,et al.  Comparison of the complete sequence of the str operon in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. , 1992, Gene.

[28]  D. Taylor,et al.  A DNA sequence upstream of the tet(O) gene is required for full expression of tetracycline resistance , 1991, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[29]  C. Yanofsky.  Mutations affecting tRNATrp and its charging and their effect on regulation of transcription termination at the attenuator of the tryptophan operon. , 1977, Journal of molecular biology.

[30]  M. Roberts,et al.  Epidemiology of tetracycline-resistance determinants. , 1994, Trends in microbiology.

[31]  M. Nikolich,et al.  A Bacteroides tetracycline resistance gene represents a new class of ribosome protection tetracycline resistance , 1992, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[32]  J. Devereux,et al.  A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX , 1984, Nucleic Acids Res..

[33]  T. Steitz,et al.  The crystal structure of elongation factor G complexed with GDP, at 2.7 A resolution. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[34]  V. Burdett.  Streptococcal tetracycline resistance mediated at the level of protein synthesis , 1986, Journal of bacteriology.

[35]  E. Manavathu,et al.  Characterization and expression of a cloned tetracycline resistance determinant from Campylobacter jejuni plasmid pUA466 , 1987, Journal of bacteriology.

[36]  I. Tubulekas,et al.  A single amino acid substitution in elongation factor Tu disrupts interaction between the ternary complex and the ribosome , 1993, Journal of bacteriology.

[37]  B. Cooperman,et al.  Single protein omission reconstitution studies of tetracycline binding to the 30S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[38]  P. Courvalin,et al.  Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter species , 1988, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.