Elementary number theory

The usual decimal notation of natural numbers is a special case of notation to the base m. An integer n is written to the base m if it is represented in the form $$ n = {d_{k - 1}}{m^{k - 1}} + {d_{k - 2}}{m^{k - 2}} + ... + {d_0} $$ where 0 ≤ d i ≤ m - 1. The coefficients d i are called m-ary digits (or simply digits). Actually, this name is often applied not to the numbers d i but to the special signs chosen to denote these numbers.