The Determinants of University Patenting: Do Incentives Matter?

In recent years various studies have examined the factors that may explain academic patents. Existing analyses have also underlined the substantial differences to be found in European countries in the institutional framework that defines property rights for academic patents. The objective of this study is to contribute to the empirical literature on the factors explaining academic patents and to determine whether the incentives that universities offer researchers contribute towards explaining the differences in academic patenting activity. The results of the econometric analysis for the Spanish universities point towards the conclusion that the principal factor determining the patents is funding of R&D while royalty incentives to researchers do not appear to be significant.

[1]  Z. Griliches,et al.  Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application to the Patents-R&D Relationship , 1984 .

[2]  A. Cameron,et al.  Regression-based tests for overdispersion in the Poisson model☆ , 1990 .

[3]  Z. Griliches.  Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: a Survey , 1990 .

[4]  Keith Pavitt,et al.  Do Patents Reflect the Useful Research Output of Universities , 1998 .

[5]  M. Trajtenberg,et al.  Universities as a Source of Commercial Technology: A Detailed Analysis of University Patenting, 19651988 , 1995, Review of Economics and Statistics.

[6]  A. Link,et al.  Assessing the Impact of Organizational Practices on the Productivity of University Technology Transfer Offices : An Exploratory Study # , 1999 .

[7]  Y. Miyata.  An empirical analysis of innovative activity of universities in the United States , 2000 .

[8]  Bradford L. Barham,et al.  UNIVERSITIES AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY PATENT PRODUCTION , 2000 .

[9]  L. Leydesdorff,et al.  The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and , 2000 .

[10]  Marie C. Thursby,et al.  Proofs and Prototypes for Sale: The Licensing of University Inventions , 2001 .

[11]  David M. Drukker,et al.  On boundary-value likelihood-ratio tests , 2001 .

[12]  Arvids A. Ziedonis,et al.  Academic patent quality and quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole act in the United States , 2002 .

[13]  J. T. Wulu,et al.  Regression analysis of count data , 2002 .

[14]  Tom Coupé,et al.  Science Is Golden: Academic R&D and University Patents , 2003 .

[15]  Mark A. Schankerman,et al.  Incentives and Invention in Universities , 2003 .

[16]  Joaquín María Azagra Caro,et al.  University patents: output and input indicators … of what? , 2003 .

[17]  A. Pakes,et al.  Does Federal Research Funding Increase University Research Output? , 2003 .

[18]  J. García‐Quevedo,et al.  Effects of university research on the geography of innovation , 2005 .

[19]  Waverly W. Ding,et al.  The Determinants of Faculty Patenting Behavior: Demographics or Opportunities? , 2005 .

[20]  Jerry G. Thursby,et al.  Are There Real Effects of Licensing on Academic Research? A Life Cycle View , 2005 .

[21]  Anna Matas,et al.  Economic Development and Changes in Car Ownership Patterns , 2006 .

[22]  Rosa Grimaldi,et al.  Institutional Changes and the Commercialization of Academic Knowledge: A Study of Italian Universities' Patenting Activities Between 1965 and 2002 , 2006 .

[23]  Agustí Segarra-Blasco,et al.  PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND COMPETITION IN SPANISH MANUFACTURING FIRMS: WHAT HAS HAPPENED IN RECENT YEARS? , 2006 .

[24]  Pere Castells,et al.  The Choice of Banking Firm: Are the Interest Rate a Significant Criteria? , 2006 .

[25]  J. R. Bara,et al.  Capital humano: un análisis comparativo Catalunya - España , 2006 .

[26]  Dennis J. Snower,et al.  The macroeconomics of the labor market: three fundamental views , 2006, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[27]  Xavier Fageda,et al.  Factors explaining local privatization: a meta-regression analysis , 2006 .

[28]  Bart Verspagen,et al.  University Research, Intellectual Property Rights and European Innovation Systems , 2005 .

[29]  Veneta Andonova,et al.  Political Institutions and the Development of Telecomunications , 2006 .

[30]  Rosa Grimaldi,et al.  Institutional Changes and the Commercialization of Academic Knowledge: A Study of Italian Universities' Patenting Activities Between 1965 and 2002 , 2006 .

[31]  José Luis Raymond Bara,et al.  Capital humano: un análisis comparativo Catalunya - España , 2006 .

[32]  Francesc Trillas,et al.  Productive Efficiency and Regulatory Reform: The Case of Vehicle Inspection Services , 2006 .

[33]  Patrick Llerena,et al.  Patent Production at a European Research University: Exploratory Evidence at the Laboratory Level , 2006 .

[34]  N. Baldini,et al.  University Patenting and Licensing Activity: A Review of the Literature , 2006 .

[35]  Hector Sala,et al.  The Macroeconomics of the Labor Market: Three Fundamental Views , 2006 .

[36]  Raul Ramos,et al.  Job Losses, Outsourcing and Relocation: Empirical Evidence Using Microdata , 2006, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[37]  A. Geuna,et al.  University patenting and its effects on academic research: The emerging European evidence , 2006 .

[38]  Vicente Royuela,et al.  Economía Urbana Y Calidad De Vida. Una Revisión Del Estado Del Conocimiento En España (Urban Economics and Quality of Life. A Survey of the State-of-the-Art in Spain) , 2006 .

[39]  Manuela Alcañiz,et al.  Calculation of the Variance in Surveys of the Economic Climate , 2006 .

[40]  S. Breschi,et al.  THE SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY OF ACADEMIC INVENTORS: NEW EVIDENCE FROM ITALIAN DATA , 2007 .

[41]  C. Álvarez-Albelo,et al.  Explaining High Economic Growth in Small Tourism Countries with a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model , 2007 .

[42]  Daniel Albalate,et al.  Shifting Death to Their Alternatives: The Case of Toll Motorways , 2007 .

[43]  Adriana Sánchez Hugalde.  INFLUENCIA DE LA INMIGRACIÓN EN LA ELECCIÓN ESCOLAR a , 2007 .

[44]  José-Luis Raymond,et al.  Una propuesta de evaluación de las externalidades de capital humano en la empresa , 2007 .

[45]  Mauro Mediavilla,et al.  Evaluating the Impact of Public Subsidies on a Firm's Performance: A Quasi-Experimental Approach , 2007 .

[46]  Mercedes Teruel,et al.  Barriers to Innovation and Public Policy in Catalonia , 2007 .

[47]  José María Durán Cabré,et al.  An empirical analysis of wealth taxation: Equity vs. tax compliance , 2007 .

[48]  A. Ollé,et al.  Economic and political determinants of urban expansion: Exploring the local connection , 2007 .

[49]  Agustí Segarra-Blasco,et al.  Innovation Sources and Productivity: A Quantile Regression Analysis , 2007 .

[50]  Matthew Rafferty,et al.  The Bayh-Dole Act and University Research and Development , 2007 .

[51]  Anna Matas,et al.  Cross-Section Data, Disequilibrium Situations and Estimated Coefficients: Evidence from Car Ownership Demand , 2007 .

[52]  Rosina Moreno,et al.  Decomposing Differences in Total Factor Productivity Across Firm Size , 2007 .

[53]  Bruno Van Pottelsberghe,et al.  The economics of the european patent system , 2007 .

[54]  Alejandro Esteller-Moré,et al.  An Empirical Analysis of Wealth Taxation: Equity vs.Tax Compliance , 2007 .

[55]  Jordi Jofre-Monseny,et al.  Tax Differentials and Agglomeration Economies in Intraregional Firm Location , 2007 .

[56]  J. M. Argiles,et al.  A comparison of the economic and environmental performances of conventional and organic farming: evidence from financial statements , 2007 .

[57]  B. V. Pottelsberghe.  Hot ‘Patent’ Issues: Quantitative Evidence , 2007 .

[58]  G. Bel,et al.  Comparison of Recent Toll Road Concession Transactions in the United States and France , 2007 .

[59]  Agustí Segarra-Blasco,et al.  Innovation, R&D Spillovers and Productivity: The Role of Knowledge-Intensive Services , 2007 .

[60]  Paula E. Stephan,et al.  WHO'S PATENTING IN THE UNIVERSITY? EVIDENCE FROM THE SURVEY OF DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS , 2007 .

[61]  Agustí Segarra i Blasco,et al.  Innovation, R&D Spillovers and Productivity: The Role of Knowledge-Intensive Services , 2007 .

[62]  Jordi Suriñach,et al.  Fiscal sustainability across government tiers , 2007 .

[63]  Agustí Segarra i Blasco,et al.  Barriers to innovation and public policy in Catalonia , 2007 .

[64]  Scott Stern,et al.  Academic Science and Entrepreneurship: Dual Engines of Growth , 2007 .

[65]  J. Escardíbul,et al.  Evaluación de servicios educativos: el rendimiento en los centros públicos y privados medido en PISA-2003 , 2007 .

[66]  Nicolas van Zeebroeck,et al.  Patents and Academic Research: A State of the Art. , 2008 .

[67]  A. Ollé,et al.  Which communities should be afraid of mobility? The effects of agglomeration economies on the sensitivity of firm location to local taxes , 2008 .

[68]  Albert Solé-Ollé,et al.  Does Partisan Alignment Affect the Electoral Reward of Intergovernmental Transfers? , 2008, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[69]  Anna Matas,et al.  Job Accessibility and Employment Probability , 2008 .

[70]  Anna Matas,et al.  Car Ownership and Access to Jobs in Spain , 2008 .

[71]  Daniel Albalate,et al.  Lowering Blood Alcohol Content Levels to Save Lives: The European Experience , 2008 .

[72]  F. Trillas,et al.  Political parties and the economy: Macro convergence, micro partisanship? , 2008 .

[73]  Luis Diaz-Serrano,et al.  The Causal Relationship between Individual’S Choice Behavior and Self-Reported Satisfaction: The Case of Residential Mobility in the EU , 2008 .

[74]  R. Eichenberger,et al.  Rethinking Public Auditing Institutions: Empirical Evidence from Swiss Municipalities , 2008 .

[75]  M. Wrede.  Agglomeration, tax competition, and fiscal equalization , 2008, International Tax and Public Finance.

[76]  Alexandrina Stoyanova,et al.  Changes in the demand for private medical insurance following a shift in tax incentives. , 2008, Health economics.

[77]  M. Rico,et al.  Does urban sprawl increase the costs of providing local public services? Evidence from Spanish municipalities , 2008 .

[78]  Raúl Ramos Lobo,et al.  Portabilidad del capital humano y asimilación de los inmigrantes: evidencia para España , 2008 .

[79]  Volodymyr Bilotkach,et al.  Scheduled Service Versus Personal Transportation: The Role of Distance , 2008 .

[80]  Daniel Montolio,et al.  Assessing the Assignation of Public Subsidies: Do the Experts Choose the Most Efficient R&D Projects? , 2008 .

[81]  Xavier Fageda,et al.  Privatization and Competition in the Delivery of Local Services: An Empirical Examination of the Dual Market Hypothesis , 2008 .

[82]  F. Trillas.  Regulatory federalism in network industries , 2008 .

[83]  Christian Durán Weitkamp,et al.  Economic Effects of Road Accessibility in the Pyrenees: User Perspective , 2008 .

[84]  Oriol Tejada,et al.  A theoretical and practical study on linear reforms of dual taxes , 2009 .

[85]  Competition between TV Platforms , 2009 .

[86]  Los salarios de los inmigrantes en el mercado de trabajo español. ¿Importa el origen del capital humano? , 2009 .

[87]  Boris Lokshin,et al.  What Does it Take for an R&D Tax Incentive Policy to be Effective? , 2009 .

[88]  Daniel Albalate,et al.  Exploring Determinants of Urban Motorcycle Accident Severity: The Case of Barcelona , 2009 .

[89]  M. Callejón,et al.  The Black Box of Business Dynamics , 2009 .

[90]  Montserrat Guillén,et al.  Health Care Utilization Among Immigrants and Native-Born Populations in 11 European Countries. Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe , 2009 .

[91]  A. Manresa,et al.  The International Trade as the Sole Engine of Growth for an Economy , 2009 .

[92]  R. Ramos,et al.  Immigrant Wages in the Spanish Labour Market: Does the Origin of Human Capital Matter? , 2009, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[93]  Agustí Segarra‐Blasco,et al.  Small Firms, Growth and Financial Constraints , 2009 .

[94]  Anna Matas,et al.  Traffic forecasts under uncertainty and capacity constraints , 2009 .

[95]  Paula Salinas,et al.  Evaluating the effects of decentralization on educational outcomes in Spain , 2009 .

[96]  A. Lucena.  The Antecedents and Innovation Consequences of Organizational Search: Empirical Evidence for Spain , 2009 .

[97]  Lars P. Feld,et al.  Strategic Tax Collection and Fiscal Decentralization: The Case of Russia , 2013 .

[98]  A. Ollé.  Inter-regional redistribution through infrastructure investment: tactical or programmatic? , 2009 .

[99]  J. Borrell,et al.  Assessing Excess Profits from Different Entry Regulations , 2009 .

[100]  Manuel Acosta,et al.  Production of University Technological Knowledge in European Regions: Evidence from Patent Data , 2009 .

[101]  Jordi Perdiguero,et al.  (No) Competition in the Spanish Retailing Gasoline Market: A Variance Filter Approach , 2009 .

[102]  Volodymyr Bilotkach,et al.  Scheduled Service Versus Personal Transportation: The Role of Distance , 2010 .