Systematic study on bias temperature instability of various high-k gate dielectrics ; HfO2, HfZrxOy and ZrO2

HfO<inf>2</inf>, HfZr<inf>x</inf>O<inf>y</inf> and ZrO<inf>2</inf> gate dielectrics are systematically compared in terms of the nMOS PBTI and pMOS NBTI. Compared to HfO<inf>2</inf>, ZrO<inf>2</inf> exhibits higher capacitance and superior nMOS mobility characteristics. In addition, as the ZrO<inf>2</inf> content increases, V<inf>th</inf> shift under the nMOS PBTI stress is dramatically reduced. This is mainly contributed to the lower density of pre-existing bulk traps related to the oxygen vacancies.